381 
XXIIL On Three Oaks of Palestine. By J. D. HooKer, 31. J)., F.P.S., F.L.S., $c. 
Read June 20th, 1861. 
INURING a short tour in Syria, which I made last autumn in company with Mr. Han- 
bury, E.L.S., we paid especial attention to the oaks of that country which occurred on our 
route, in the hopes of being able to throw some light on their very intricate and confused 
history. The brief nature of our visit, and the necessity we were under of moving rapidly 
almost daily, and always on horseback, rendered it impossible to do more than obtain an 
accurate idea of the commonest species only : of these one was all but ubiquitous, from 
the latitude of Tripoli to that of Hebron ; and two others appeared in such great abun- 
dance in various localities, that we have, I think, obtained a clear conception of their 
limits of variation in Syria, and, by means of the specimens we procured, have identified 
them with those of other parts of the Mediterranean. There are Querent pseudo- 
coccifera, Desf., Q. ^gilops, L., and Q. infectoria, L., of which three species I find that 
no fewer than thirteen have been made in Syria alone, and an equal, or probably a much 
greater number in Asia Minor and other parts of the Levant. 
To the following identifications I have been guided either by good specimens or by 
excellent plates, amongst the very best of both kinds of which evidence I would especially 
indicate the Syrian and Taurian collections of Kotschy, and his superb folio fascicles 
entitled " Die Eichen Europa's und des Orients," the plates of which are unrivalled. 
1. Quercus pseudo-coccieera, Desf. Atlant. ii. p. 549. 
Q. Calliprinos, Webbl It. Hisp. p. 15 ; Kotschy, Herb. It. Cilic. No. 397; Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 
p. 434. 
Q. Pseudo-coccifera} Kotschy, Herb. It. Syriac. No. 265 ! 
Q. imps, Kotschy, fid. Herb. Reg. Berol. Lebanon, No. 83 ! 
Q. echinata, Kotschy, fid. Herb. Reg. Berol. Lebanon, No. 84 ! 
Bab 
Q. Paleestina, Kotschy, I. c. t. xix., et Herb. It. Syriac. No. 442 ! 
Q. Aucheri, Jaub. et Spach, 111. PI. Or. p. 113, t. 58 ! 
Q. rigida, Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 435 ; Kotschy, L c. t. viii., et Herb. It. Cilic. No. 404 
Var. Kotschyi, Herb. It. Syriac. No. 264 ! 
Var. microphylla, Kotschy, It. Cilic. No. 399 ! 
Var. pungens, It. Cilic. 400 ! 806. 
Var. arborea, Herb. It Cilic. No. 403 ! 
Q. Fenzelii, Kotschy, I. c. t. xxiv. et Herb. It. Cilic. No. 398 ! 
Q. aquifolia, Kotschy, Herb. It. Cilic. No. 402 ! 
Per totam Syriara, ad 6000 ped. ascendens ; copiosissime ! Fl. vere ; fr. Nov. 
ur:„ • i .^ t . •* :„ i t+„i:„ i ai — ;„ i fflnknimno I Orapria ! Asia minor! Creta! 
Of the above synonyms, Q. inops, echmata, and Paleestina were founded on Syrian 
specimens by Kotschy ; that of Calliprinos by Webb, who attempted to discriminate 
Labillardiere's original Syrian specimens of pseudo-coccifera, from Desfontaines' Algerian 
plant of that name. The names of pseudo-coccifera and Calliprinos are also both applied 
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