412 
MR. TUFFEN WEST 
Length of tenent hairs, from, the anterior inferior 
009 inch. 
minute, scattered, scale-like hairs, 
margin of a tarsal joint of Ocypus, 
On the hands of a very small Staphyline, I found only ahout 7 or 8, proportionally very 
large tenent hairs ; I think they arose only from the fourth tarsal joint. The specimen 
was unfortunately given away before careful notes or drawings were made, and I have not 
vet succeeded in recovering it. It appeared worth record, however, to show what inter- 
esting modifications may be looked for when a complete examination of insects' tarsi has 
been made 
The Staphylinida3 are very interesting objects to the microscopist, in connexion with 
points in their minute structui 
Nowhere will better examples of the earliest 
modifications of hair to suit tenent purposes be found than amongst many of the smaller 
examples of the family. Some of these are figured (figs. 25, 26) 
Prom observations on 
such of these brachelytrous insects as possess tenent hairs in the most rudimentary deve- 
lopment of this special type of structure, where they are not connected with sexual pur- 
poses, we ascertain that the specialization consists essentially in a simple flattening of the 
hair from above downwards, and an absence of chitinous ossification towards its extremity. 
The male of Cicindela campestris has cushions on its anterior tarsi, the hairs compos- 
ing which well illustrate the above statement by the slight degree of this modification 
which they present (fig. 27). 
The suckers of the male Dyticus furnish a remarkable example of appendages lor 
sexual purposes 
It now became desirable to ascertain the exact structure of these. 
All are circular in their outline, and concavo-convex in form (fig. 33), the concavity being 
which 
the under surface ; the two proximal ones are much larger than the remainder 
rly alike 
the outer of the two great ones is ■£$ inch in diameter ; these 
two are fringed round their outer margin with remarkable branching hairs (fig. 35), whicn 
when the apparatus is used in the water, will by preventing too close contact also prev 
: and if the female struggle 
ent 
There 
the water from insinuating itself so as to destroy the vacuum ; 
out of water, by retaining liquid for some time around the sucker, they will in like mann 3 
under these altered conditions equally tend to preserve the effectual contact 
no direct connexion between the tarsal joints and the centre of the suckers, whether 
a muscular nature or otherwise, as has been asserted. The pedicles of the two a -, 
suckers are so short that the latter appear to be sessile ; these latter pedicles are o ^ 
densely membranous texture, cutting like tendon ; and my present belief is that tney 
quite solid, though I have not yet had time to verify this supposition 
All the suckers 
are supported in an extended condition by rays of a firmer consistency than the re 
r 
* " In many species " (of the Dyticidse) " the basal joints of the four anterior tarsi are dilated, whilst in som * 
the larger species the two anterior male tarsi have the three basal joints enlarged into a broad and near y^ 
shield, convex above, fringed with fine hairs, and cushioned beneath, or, rather, covered with a number ot n 
verted caps [?cups] with several larger portions resembling suckers, varying in number and size in the vanou*.^ 
This structure enables the male to retain his situation upon the back of the female during copulation, ^ 
rugosities upon the thorax and elytra of the latter being also similarly serviceable." — Westwood, Introd. vo . u p- 
The remarkable increase of holding power which is obtained by the traction of these limbs to each other, an , 
acting conjointly, to the body of the beetle, does not appear to have been specially noticed. 
