OF THE AMAZON VALLEY. 
B-W 
8. Ithomia Ilerdina, Hewitson. (PI. LVI. fig. 4 a.) 
Ithomia Ilerdina, Hewits. Exot. Butt. Ithomia, f. 129, 145. 
This is closely allied to /. Illinissa. It entirely takes the place of that species at St. 
Paulo, differing from it only in the white disk of the hind wing and orange submarginal 
band of the fore wing. It is clearly only a local modification of the same, whose srgre- 
gation from the original stock is complete. A variety of Leptalis Lysino'e (L. Leuconoe, 
PI. LVI. fig. 4) exists at St. Paulo in company with it, and presents precisely the same 
modifications of colour ; also the Erycinide Ithomeis Helicon ma, and a species of Bomby- 
cide Moth (Dioptis, PI.' LV. fig. 11). The three mimicking species were very rare, whilst 
I. Ilerdina was extremely abundant. 1. Ilerdina varies a little in the white ncrvures of 
the disk of the wings being partly black, showing the process of transition to the peculiar 
white hue which distinguishes it from the allied species. 
9. Ithomia Onega, Hewitson. (PI. LV. fig. 2 a.) 
Ithomia Onega, Hewits. Exot. Butt. Ithomia, f. 1. 
This handsome species is found in abundance throughout the Upper Amazon region, 
where it seems to take the place of Ithomia Flora, which is peculiar to the region nearer 
the Atlantic. I believe it to be a local modification of I. Flora. A Leptalis of similar 
colours (I. Melanoe, PL LV. fig. 2) and a Bombycide Moth (Dioptis Onega) accompany 
it. The Leptalis is undoubtedly a variety or descendant from the stock of L. Theonoe. 
which, we have seen, inhabits only those places where Ithomia Flora occurs. Leptalis 
Melanoe has been found nowhere but in company with Ithomia Onega. 
10. Ithomia Ploea, Cramer. (PI. LV. fig. 1 a.) 
Papilio Flora, Cramer, Pap. Exot. t. 257- f. B, C (poor figure). 
Ithomia Flora, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. Ithomia, f. 68, 69. 
Egra, ibid., f. 4 (a slight aberration) . 
This species abounds in the forests of the Amazon Delta, and as far up the river as the 
banks of the Cupari (a branch of the Tapajos), 120 miles above the mouth of that river. 
Unlike the Ithomia of the Upper Amazons, its wings have a very large portion of their 
surface clear of scales and transparent. Leptalis Theonoe (PL LV. fig. 1), Napeogenes 
Ithra, and the Bombycide Moth Dioptis Cyma, have a great resemblance to it, and are 
found only in the regions which it inhabits. Dioptis Cyma, however, is an exception ; 
it has acquired a wider range, being found at Ega, where no dear-winged Ithomia are 
met with. The Ithomia increase in transparency in receding from the equator. They 
are numerous in Venezuela, South Brazil, and Mexico. The tendency to transparency 
reaches its acme in Ithomia {Bymeniiis) diaphana of Jamaica. Nearly all the species of 
the Upper Amazon region have opake wings. 
11. Ithomia Doto, Hiibner. 
Ithomia Doto, Hiibner, Samml. Exot. Schmett. 
Sisera, Hewits. Exot. Butt. Ithomia, f. 6. 
Abundant on the banks of the Tocantins, at Baiao. Found also at Par 
L. XXIII. 
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