XXII 



the Sioux country. The Sioux, however, did not take kindly 

 to this proposition, thinking it was yellow lead (gold) that the 

 white chief wanted, not stone bones. 



I met Professor Marsh at that time and talked with him. 

 I showed him the tooth the Indians had shown me. When I 

 returned to Red Cloud's lodge I told Red Cloud that Professor 

 Marsh was a friend of the "Great Father" (the President) at 

 Washington, and that I thought if he were allowed to hunt for 

 stone bones in the Sioux country he would be a good friend 

 to the Sioux people. Red Cloud said that if Professor Marsh 

 was a good man he would help the Sioux people to get rid of 

 the agent that was then in charge of the agency, whom the.y 

 disliked very much. This being brought to the attention of 

 Professor Marsh, he took the matter in hand, and an investi- 

 gation of affairs took place at the Red Cloud Agency, the re- 

 sult of which was at least pleasing to the Indians concerned, 

 as the agent was removed. 



Professor Marsh was allowed to collect with his field parties 

 unmolested from that time on. He was named by Red Cloud 

 "Wicasa Pahi Hohu" (pronounced we-ch5-shJl pa-he ho-hii), 

 Man-that-Pioks-Up-Bones. The professor and Red Cloud 

 became friends to the extent that Red Cloud was entertained 

 at the home of the professor in New Haven, Conn., and the 

 two were photographed there with clasped hands and the 

 "peace pipe" between them. 



The first collections made for this monograph were 

 those brought together from Colorado and South 

 Dakota, part of them under the direction of Marsh, 

 for the Peabody Museum of Yale University. By far 

 the greatest collection was that brought together by 

 John Bell Hatcher for the Geological Survey, now 

 preserved in the United States National Museum. 

 Between 1870 and 1891 Marsh published 14 papers 

 on these collections. These papers relate more or 

 less directly to the Brontotheridae; the last appeared 

 in 1891 and contained descriptions of three new types 

 from South Dakota — AUops crassicornis, Brontops 

 dispar, and Brontotherium medium. 



WORK BY THE AUTHOR, 1878-1919 



In the meantime the present author made his first 

 contribution to the history of this family in 1878 in 

 a paper on the results of the Princeton collections of 

 1877 and 1878 in the Bridger Basin. His second 

 contribution was made in 1887 in a paper entitled 

 "Preliminary report on the vertebrate fossils of the 

 Uinta formation collected by the Princeton expedition 

 of 1886." His third and fourth contributions were 

 made in 1890, in the two papers entitled, respectively, 

 "Preliminary account of the fossil mammals from the 

 White River and Loup Fork formations," which 

 related to a collection made in South Dakota by Dr. 

 S. Garman for the Harvard University Museum, and 

 "The MammaUa of the Uinta formation," Parts III 

 and IV, on the Perissodactyla. These have been 

 followed by 38 papers by the author, based chiefly 

 on his paleontologic and geologic expeditions in the 

 field for the American Museum of Natural History, 

 planned by the author and ably directed by Dr. J. L. 

 Wortman, Mr. O. A. Peterson, and Mr. Walter 

 Granger. To these indefatigable field explorers science 

 is indebted for the wonderful series of Eocene titano- 



theres which have enabled us to trace the ancestry 

 of the Oligocene titanotheres and to establish all the 

 early phases in the history of this family. To Peter- 

 son, Earl Douglass, and Elmer S. Riggs in the Uinta, 

 and especially to Granger in the entire series from the 

 basal Eocene to the base of the Uinta, is due the 

 remarkable precision of the geologic records by which 

 the faunal life zones of the Eocene have been deter- 

 mined. 



The stratigraphic succession of the Eocene and of 

 the lower Oligocene mammal life has been determined 

 chiefly by the field observations and collections of 

 Granger in the Eocene and of John Bell Hatcher in 

 the lower Oligocene and by the systematic examina- 

 tions of species by Dr. William Diller Matthew and 

 by the author. 



RESEARCH AND COLLABORATION 



Prof. William K. Gregory has been in the closest 

 cooperation with the author in all the details of the 

 preparation of the monograph since the beginning of 

 the work in the year 1900. Words are inadequate 

 to express the author's sense of indebtedness to his 

 former student and present colleague in the American 

 Museum and in Columbia University. 



The author desires also to acknowledge his special 

 indebtedness to Mr. Granger for his valuable notes 

 and his cooperation in the preparation of the text 

 and the geologic sections, as presented in Chapter II, 

 on the Eocene and Oligocene formations of the Rocky 

 Mountains, as well as to Prof. William J. Sinclair 

 for his work on the volcanic nature of the middle 

 Eocene deposits and to Mr. Albert Johannsen of the 

 Geological Survey for his analyses of the material 

 of these deposits. It is hoped that that chapter will 

 furnish a key to future exploration of this mountain- 

 basin region as well as to the Oligocene sections of the 

 Great Plains. Matthew, by means of the rich col- 

 lections in the American Museum, has furnished 

 critical determinations for the discrimination of mam- 

 malian species in the sixteen life zones and has cooper- 

 ated with the author in the preparation of "Cenozoic 

 mammal horizons of western North America," pub- 

 lished by the Geological Survey in 1909 as its Bulletin 

 361, which forms the foundation of the more de- 

 tailed life-zone work whose results are presented in 

 Chapter II. 



Details of the history of the collections at home and 

 abroad are presented in Chapter III under the head- 

 ing "History of explorations and discoveries and 

 original descriptions of the Eocene and Oligocene 

 titanotheres." Every known significant specimen 

 is referred to, its species and its sex are determined, 

 and its principal characters are described. This 

 monograph will furnish a much desired key to the 

 present and future collections and surveys in Wyo- 

 ming, Nebraska, Colorado, the Dakotas, and Assin- 

 iboia. 



