42 



TITANOTHEEES OP ANCIENT WYOMING, DAKOTA, AND NEBRASKA 



at the climax of the general trend of transformation 

 and at the very height of the grandeur of development, 

 we observe the apparently simultaneous extinction of 

 the whole titano there family, seemingly through failure 

 to cope with changed environmental conditions or to 

 compete successfully with other herbivorous types. 



This contribution to biology is therefore important 

 chiefly as a study of the actual modes of evolution as 

 observed in the skeleton and teeth of many different 

 members of a great family of extinct animals which 

 existed throughout a long period of geologic time — 

 from the early Eocene through the early Oligocene — 

 a time reckoned as hundreds of thousands of years. 

 It is merely suggestive as to the causes of evolution. 



SECTION 3. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LITERATURE CITED OR 

 CONSULTED IN THE PREPARATION OF CHAPTER I 



Barrell, Joseph. 



1917.1. Rhythms and the measurement of geologic time: 

 Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 28, pp. 745-904, 

 Dec. 4, 1917. 

 Darwin, Charles. 



1859-2. The origin of species by means of natural selection, 

 or the preservation of favored races in the 

 struggle for life, 502 pp. London, John 

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FOBSTER-COOPER, C. 



1913.1. Thaumastotherium osborni, a new genus of perisso- 



dactyls from the upper Oligocene deposits of 

 the Bugti Hills of Baluchistan (preUminary 

 notice): Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 8th ser., 

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1913.2. Correction of generic name [to Baluchitherium]: 



Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 8th ser., vol. 12, 

 p. 504, November, 1913. 



Hayden, Ferdinand Vandiveer. 



1873.1. United States Geological Survey of the Territories; 

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 reprinted in one 8vo volume, 1873. (First 

 and second first issued in Rept. Commissioner 

 of General Land Office for year 1867, Wash- 

 ington, 1867; Third issued independently as 

 Preliminary Field Report of U. S. Geol. Survey 

 of Colorado and New Mexico, 1869.) 



Kovalevsky, Dr. Woldemar. 



1873.1. Monographic der Gattung Anthracotherium Cuv. 

 und Versuch einer nattlrlichen Classification 

 der fossilen Hufthiere: Palaeontographica, 

 Band 22, Heft 3, pp. 131-210, Taf. 7-9, 1873; 

 pp. 211-346, Taf. 10-17, 1874. 



Leidy, Joseph. 



1869.1. The extinct mammalian fauna of Dakota and 

 Nebraska, including an account of some allied 

 forms from other localities, together with a 

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Linnaeus, Caroltjs. 



1758.1. Systema naturae . . . Editio decima, reformata, 

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Matthew, William Diller. 



1901.1. The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger 

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 1901. 

 Meek, F. B., 



1862.1 (and Hayden, F. V.). Descriptions of new lower 

 Silurian (Primordial), Jurassic, Cretaceous, and 

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 by the exploring expedition under the command 

 of Capt. Wm. F. Raynolds, U. S. Top. Engrs., 

 with some remarks on the rocks from which 

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 Merriam, C. Hart. 



1918.1. Review of the grizzly and big brown bears of North 

 America (genus Ursus), with description of a 

 new genus, Vetularctos: U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. 

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 16 pis., Feb. 9, 1918. 

 OsBORN, Henry Fairfield. 



1896.107. Titanotheres of the American Museum of 

 Natural History: Am. Naturalist, vol. 30, 

 No. 350, pp. 162-163, February, 1896. 

 1896.110. The cranial evolution of Titanoiherium: Am. 

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 July 31, 1896. 

 1900.192. Phylogeny of the rhinoceroses of Europe, 

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 1900. 

 1909.321. Cenozoic mammal horizons of western North 

 America, with appendix, Faunal lists of the 

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 Diller Matthew: U. S. Geol. Survey BuU. 361, 

 138 pp., 1909. 

 1914.409. Recent results in the phylogeny of the titano- 

 theres: Geol. Soc. America BuU., vol. 25, No. 

 3, pp. 403-405, Sept. 15, 1914. 

 1914.412. Rectigradations and allometrons in relation to 

 the conception of the "mutations of Waagen" 

 of species, genera, and phyla: Geol. Soc. 

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 Sept. 15, 1914. 

 1917.462. The origin and evolution of life on the theory of 

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 Osgood, Wilfred H. 



1909.1. Revision of the mice of the American genus 

 Peromyscus: U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Biol. 

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 7 pis., map, Apr. 17, 1909. 

 Waagen, W. 



1869.1. Die Formenreihe des Ammonites subradiatus, 

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 gegeben * * * von Dr. E. W. Benecke, 

 Band 2, pp. 179-257, 1869. 

 White, C. A. 



1868.1. First and Second annual reports of progress by 

 the State geologist and the assistant and 

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 of Iowa, etc., 284 pp., Des Moines, 1868. 



