DISCOVERY OF THE TITANOTHERES AND ORIGINAL DESCRIPTIONS 



157 



OEIGINAI DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES 



Palaeosyops Leidy, 1870 



Cf. Palaeosyops, this monograph, page 312 



Original reference. — Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 

 Proc, 1870, p. 113 (Leidy, 1870.2). 



Type species. — Palaeosyops paludosus Leidy. (See 

 p. 319.) 



Generic characters. — Leidy, in his description of the 

 fragmentary type, very properly refrained from at- 

 tempting to distinguish generic from specific charac- 

 ters. Generic characters are given below. 



Etymology. — TraXaio?, ancient; am, boar; ih\p, face 

 (appearance). The name was probably suggested by 

 the fact that the "upper true molars exhibit the outer 

 part of a crown composed of a pair of lobes, exactly 

 as in Hyopotamus." (Leidy.) 



Present determination. — The generic name is a valid 

 one. 



Palaeosyops paludosus Leidy, 1870 



Cf. Palaeosyops paludosus, this monograph, page 319 



Original reference. — Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 

 Proc, 1870, p. 113 (Leidy, 1870.2). 



Subsequent reference. — Leidy, Extinct vertebrate 

 fauna of the Western Territories, p. 28, pi. 23, figs. 3-6 

 (fig. 5 lectotype), 1873 (Leidy, 1873.1). 



Type locality and geologic horizon. — Church Buttes, 

 near Fort Bridger, Bridger Basin, Wyo.; Palaeosyops 

 paludosus-Orohippus zone (Bridger B 1 or Bridger 

 B2). 



Leidy's cotypes. — M2, p*, m^, m^ (Nat. Mus. 759, 

 758, 762). (Extinct vertebrate fauna, p. 28, 1873.) 

 "The species Palaeosyops paludosus * * * -nras 

 founded on a number of isolated teeth * * * qI^. 

 tained by Professor Hayden at Church Buttes, Wyo." 

 (Leidy.) (See fig. 88.) 



Characters. — Leidy (1870.1, p. 113) writes: 



The crown of a lower true molar [mj of the right side, the 

 Osborn lectotype (fig. 88)] resembles in its constitution those of 

 Palaeotherium, Chalicotherium, and Titanotherium, being com- 

 posed of a pair of fore and aft conjoined pyramidal lobes with 

 crescentic summits. It measures 16 lines anteroposteriorly and 

 10 lines transversely. Fragments of upper true molars [m^ left, 

 m' right] exhibit the outer part of the crown composed of a pair 

 of lobes exactly as in Hyopotamus. The inner portion of the 

 crown is composed of a pair of simple cones, broad and low, 

 the front one considerably larger than the back one. One of 

 the specimens in the entire condition of the crown measured 

 about 22 lines fore and aft and 18 lines transversely. The crown 

 of an upper premolar [p*] has its outer part composed of a pair 

 of conjoined cones with acute summits and sides. The inner 

 portion of the crown [p* of the opposite side] consists of a single 

 broad, simple cone embraced in front and behind by a basal 

 ridge. The anteroposterior diameter of the crown externally 

 measures 9}/2 lines; the transverse diameter is an inch. 



Leidy's cotypes. — The first lot of specimens from 

 Church Buttes (Bridger B 1), upon which the species 

 was originally established, consist of a second lower 

 molar (ma, Nat. Mus. 759; see Leidy, 1870.1, p. 113; 



1873.1, pi. 23, fig. 5); "of an upper fourth premolar 

 nearly unworn" (p*, Nat. IVIus. 762; see Leidy, 1873.1, 

 pi. 5, fig. 5); of the anterior half of a second upper 

 molar (m^ Nat. IVIus. 758; see Leidy; 1873.1, pi, 23, 

 fig. 6); and of the inner side of a premolar (p*) of the 

 opposite side. This lot constitutes the cotypes, which 

 are here refigured. Of these, the second lower molar 

 agrees with the specimens described in this monograph 

 as P. paludosus. The upper teeth do not certainly 

 belong to the same animal; it appears necessary, 

 therefore, to base the genus and species on the first 

 specimen described in the original description, namely, 

 the second lower molar, which may be taken as the 

 lectotype. 



Leidy's paratypes. — Specimens of a second lot, 

 from Henrys Fork, belonging to a much older individ- 

 ual, were treated practically as paratypes of this species 

 in the original notice; they were described in Leidy's 

 memoir of 1873 (1873.1, pp. 29, last line, and 30), 

 were figured in Plate 5, Figures 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and are 



Figure 88. — Leidy's cotypes of Palaeosyops paludosus 



Specimens upon which the species was originally established. Hayden's collection 

 of 1870. After Leidy, 1873; Nat. Mus. 758, 759, 762. Natural size. The second 

 lower molar (Nat. Mus. 759) is the lectotype. 



preserved in the United States National IVTuseum. 

 These are the specimens that Cope, IVEarsh, Osborn, 

 Earle, and others may have taken for the types, but 

 they are from a higher geologic level and may pertain 

 to P. major or P. leidyi. A third lot of specimens, 

 from Grizzly Buttes, included the "facial portion of a 

 skull containing nearly all the molars and the canines 

 of both sides." This specimen was treated virtually 

 as a paratype by Leidy (1873.1, pp. 30-34, pi. 18, 

 fig. 51, and pi. 4, fig. 3) and was described at length 

 by him. It is probably but not certainly conspecific 

 with the lectotype m2. 



Osiorn's neotype. — The determination of P. palu- 

 dosus therefore rests positively on the second lower 

 molar alone. To supplement this lectotype the 

 present author has selected as a neotype a lower jaw 

 (PI. LVI, B; fig. 268, C) with dentition, Am. IVIus. 1 1680, 

 in which m2 agrees closely with the lectotype and with 

 the measurements given by Leidy for P. paludosus 

 (1873.1, p. 57 and pi. 5, figs. 10, 11). The locality 



