EVOLUTION OF THE SKELETON OF EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE TITANOTHERES 



585 



Broniups 



.^rontops 

 robzistzics'i 



¥ 



maepsyops-^yogruiffmsYi-''^'^^ 



EoUtanops 



KesatirMnus Manteoceras - 

 Jrianteoceras 

 ? 



SoHtanops 

 — princeps 



A 



E 



F 



H 



J 



K 



=10-m.. 



iS.Ocm. 66c7n. 80.7cm. 89c7rv. 90cm,. 92cTrv. 201cm. I03cnv. JOicm. JBOcnv. 250.2om, 



'ISin,. ^2ft.2m,. =Zfb.7\m. =2fi.Min. '2ft.ll^m. =3ft. ^3ft.3%m. ^Sft-Hiin. =3ft.5in. =6ft.3m.^8ft.2\iiu 



FiGTJRE 483. — Estimated height at the shoulder (to top of scapula) of Eocene and Oligocene titano- 

 theres (see below), compared with that of the tapir {Tapirus indicus) 



A, Lamhdotherium popoagkum: B, Eoiitanops gTegoryi; C, Eotitanops pTinceps: D, Eotitanops major; E, Mesatirhinus petersoni; F, Manteoceras 

 manteoceras (female); Q, Tapirus indicus; H, Palaeosyops leidyi; I, DolichorUinus hyognathus; J, Manteoceras manteoceras (male); K, 

 Brontops rohustus? (female, Am. Mus. 518); L, Brontops robustus (type, male). One twentieth natural size. 



Estimated Jieights of Eocene titanotheres 



Length of 



humerus 



(centimeters) 



Height to top of scapula 



Designation 

 in Figure 483 



Lower Eocene:- 



Lambdotherium popoagicum 



Eotitanops gregoryi 



Eotitanops princeps 



Eotitanops major 



Middle Eocene: 



Mesatirhinus petersoni 



Manteoceras manteoceras, ? 



Tapirus indicus (modern tapir) . 



Limnohyops monoconus? 



Palaeosyops leidyi 



Manteoceras manteoceras, cf 



Upper Eocene: 



Dolichorhinus hyognathus 



Lower Oligocene: 



Brontops robustus 



Brontops robustus ' 



20.3 



26+ 

 '^29 

 25 



29.3 

 32.5 



35 



53 

 6L 5 



32 



35.6 

 38 

 39.3 



38.6 



78 

 82 



-38 



45.6 

 ''66 



80.7 



"^90 



92 



•92 



101 



/104 



"103 



M90 

 250.2 



40J^ 



75 

 983^ 



« Scapula and humerus conjectural. 



t Humerus known; scapula and radius conjectural. Restored from known relative length of humerus, scapula, and radius in allied forms. 



<: Forearm and manus Princeton Mus. 10013, humerus and scapula supplied from other individuals. 



'* Femur known; other segments unknown. Height computed by assuming same relative length of hmb segments as in Palaeosyops leidyi. 



' Manus, forearm, and humerus known, scapula computed. 



f Femur known, other segments unknown. Height computed by assuming same relative length of limb segment as in Palaeosyops leidyi. 



Composite restoration (fig. 579). 



'' Measured from mounted skeleton (Am. Mus. 518). 



• Type skeleton (Yale Mus. 12048). 



