588 



TITANOTHERES OF ANCIENT WYOMING, DAKOTA, AND NEBRASKA 



proportions, were independently developed in unre- 

 lated phyla and are often misleading as to real rela- 

 tionships. Thus the subfamilies duplicate each other 

 in adaptation; there arose in both subfamilies short- 

 footed and long-footed forms, as summarized in vari- 

 ous tables. 



TERMS USED IN DESCRIBING THE SKELETON OF THE 

 TITANOTHERES 



The following list includes most of the terms used in 

 this monograph in describing the postcranial skeleton 

 of the titanotheres: 



Terms used in describing the 'postcranial sTceleton of the titanotheres 



English terms 



Shoulder girdle and fore limb 



Scapula 



Superior or suprascapular border 



Anterior or prescapular border 



Posterior, postscapular, axillary border 



Spine 



Tuberosity of spine 



Supraspinous or prescapular fossa 



Infraspinous or postscapular fossa 



Internal subscapular surface 



Neck of scapula 



Coracoid process 



Coracoid border 



Glenoid cavity 



Humerus 



Head 



Greater tuberosity 



Lesser tuberosity 



Bicipital groove 



Deltopectoral crest 



Deltoid tuberosity 



Tuberosity for the teres major or latissimus dorsi- 



Winding (brachialis) surface 



Ectocondyle 



Extensor (supinator) crest 



Entocondyle 



Distal articular surface 



"Capitellum" for radius 



"Trochlea" for ulna 



Olecranal, anconeal (posterior) fossa 



Supratrochlear (anterior) fossa 



Radius 



Head 



Internal process 



External process 



Radiohumeral or trochlear facet 



Biceps tubercle 



Extensor groove 



Brachialis rugosity 



Styloid process 



Radiocarpal facet 



Ulna 



Olecranon 



Olecranal fossa 



Ulnohumeral trochlea 



External facet of the ulnohumeral trochlea 



Coronoid process 



External process 



Lesser sigmoid fossa 



Ulnoradial facets 



Ulnocarpal facet 



Styloid process 



Carpals 



Proximal row, scaphoid, lunar, cuneiform, pisiform 



Posterior tuberosity of lunar 



Scapula 



Margo suprascapularis 



Margo prescapularis 



Margo axillaris 



Spina scapulae 



Tuberositas spinae scapulae 



Fossa prescapularis (supraspinata) 



Fossa postscapularis (inf raspinata) 



Facies subscapularis 



Collum scapulae 



Processus coracoideus 



Margo coracoideus 



Ca vitas glenoidalis 



Humerus 



Caput humeri 



Tuberculum maj us 



Tuberculum minus 



Sulcus bicipitalis 



Crista deltopectoraUs 



Tuberositas deltoidea 



Tuberositas teres 



Facies spiralis 



Ectepicondylus 



Crista " supinatoria " (extensoria) 



Entepicondylus 



Facies distalis 



capitellum 



trochlea humeri 



Fossa olecrani 



Fossa supratrochlearis 



Radius 



Caput radii 



Processus internus capitis radii 



Processus externus capitis radii 



Facies proximalis (radiohumeralis) radii 



Tuberositas bicipitalis radii 



Sulcus extensoria 



Rugositas brachialis 



Processus styloideus radii 



Facies distalis (radiocarpalis) radii 



Ulna 



Olecranon 



Fossa olecrani 



Incisura semilunaris (facies ulnohumeralis) 



Facies externa incisurae semilunaris 



Processus coronoideus (anconaeus) ulnae 



Processus externus ulnae 



Fossa sigmoidea minus 



Facies ulnoradialis 



Facies distaUs (ulnocarpalis) 



Processus styloideus ulnae 



Carpalia 



Os scaphoideum, os lunare, os cuneiforme, os 



pisiforme. 

 Tuberositas posterior ossis lunaris 



cb. 



t. sp. 



fas. sup. sp. 



fos. inf. sp. 



glen, 

 h. 



cap. 

 t. maj. 

 t. min. 

 s. bic. 



t. del. 



t. te. 



brack, ant. 



ectep. 



cr. "sup." 



eniep. 



cptl. 

 trch. 

 fos. ol. 



pr. in. 

 pr. ex. 

 cptl. h. 

 tbclm. rad. 

 s. ex. 

 br. ant. 

 pr. sty. 



ol. 



fos. ol. 

 inc. sml. 

 fac. ex. 

 pr. anc. 

 pr. ex. u. 

 fos. sig. min. 



pr. sty. ul. 

 sc, lu., cu., 



