AKNOLD-THE PALEONTOLOHY AND STKATIGKAPHY OF SAN PED150. 



33 



Bailed Beach Formation. —The recently raised heacli on the north end of 

 Deadniau Island (see diagram B, Plate XXII) shows that the period of uplift which 

 followed the deposition of the upper San Pedro beds is not yet finished. This raised 

 beach contains many fossil shells in a perfect state of preservation, all of them retain- 

 ing their original color, which suggests how recently this uplift has taken place. 



List of Fossils from the Raised Beach, North End of Deadman Island. 



Cryptomya cali/oriiica 

 Donax lavigata 

 Lavicardium subslriatnm 

 Lucina cnli/ornica 

 Lucina nuttalii 

 Macoma inquinata 



Aem<ea spectrum 

 Actnaa pella 

 Bulla nebulosa 

 Calllostoma canaliculatum 

 Ceritkidea californica 

 Chlorostoma /unebrale 



pelecypoda. 



Macoma nasuta 

 Macoma secla 

 Maclra catilli/ormis 

 Mactrafalcala 

 Myliius edulis 

 Peeten iatiauritus 



GASTEOPODA. 



Columbclla gausapata 

 Columbella var. carinata 

 Conus cali/ornicus 

 Crepidula rugosa 

 Crccibulum spinosu-jn 

 Drillia var. penicillala 



Peclen var. monoiimerin 

 Peeten vcntricosus 

 Petricola carditoides 

 Tapes staminea 

 Tellina bodegensis 



FissurMa volcano 

 Nassa fossata 

 Nassa var. cooperi 



Olivella biplicaia 

 OHvclla intorla 



These species are all found living in the waters adjacent to Deadman Island 

 at the jjresent time, and the raised beach specimens are in nearly as good a state of 

 preservation as the living shells. 



5. Post-Pleistocene Deposits. 



Overlying the Pleistocene of Deadman Island, and all along the San Pedro 

 terrace, is soil containing many shells, in fact, in places it is made up almost entirely 

 of shells. These are the remains of ancient Indian kitchen-middens. Ashley ' 

 describes as Quaternary a layer of shells found in the lower terrace of San 

 Pedro Hill. After examining the fossils collected by him, and also visiting the 

 locality from which they came, the writer is convinced that these deposits are simply 

 the shells brought there by the Indians, for the association of species is not such as 

 would be found at any one place on the beach; rocky shore and lagoon shells being- 

 found in about equal quantities. At every place where these shell deposits in the soil 

 have been examined by the writer they have been found to contain pieces of charcoal, 

 bones of mammals, and other evidences of refuse heaps. These kitchen-middens are 

 common at many ^ilaces along the coast. Those at Port Harford are over six feet in 

 thickness and have been mistaken by some collectors for Pleistocene strata. 



The shells in these kitchen waste heaps are of a kind that would be used for 

 food, and include such species as Haliotis cracheroidii, Peden cequisidcatus, Chione 

 saccincta, Tivela crassatelloides, Tapes stnminea, Saxidomiis aratus, etc. All of the 

 specimens of Haliotis so far recorded from the Pleistocene, with the exception of one 



1 The Neocene Stratigraphy of the Santa Cruz MountainB of California. By George H. Ashley. Proc. Gal. Acad. Sci., 2d Ser., 

 Vol. V, 1895, pi>. 353-356. 



. 5 1 September 25, 1902. 



