only the primary program but other programs in the 
same or other agencies. Another factor is a lack of 
experience in many cases. Personnel are not familiar 
with what can be accomplished with the platforms 
or with the techniques for facility trade-off analyses, 
such as the surface ship versus the submersible versus 
the habitat versus the remote system. 
There is a general trend among programs in the 
manner in which undersea platforms are usually con- 
sidered for use. Programs usually start with surface 
ships investigations, move to remote techniques, then 
use divers when depths permit or use submersibles, 
and, if process studies are involved, move to habi- 
tats. At the same time, the platforms required tend 
to become more and more mission oriented rather 
than general purpose. 
FEDERAL AGENCIES AND PROGRAMS 
Department of Commerce 
© Submerged Transportation Systems Study 
(MARAD) 
©@ Deepwater Ports and Offshore Terminals 
(MARAD) 
e Oceanic Monitoring, Assessment, and Prediction 
(NOAA) 
e Arctic Assessment and Monitoring (NOAA) 
® Manned Undersea Science and Technology 
(NOAA) 
@ Operational Equipment Observation and Evalua- 
tion (NOAA) 
® Canyons, Sedimentation, and Bottom Boundary 
Layer (NOAA) 
Undersea Facility Educational Projects (NOAA) 
Marine Geology and Geophysics (NOAA) 
Fisheries Research (NOAA) 
Office of Sea Grant (NOAA) 
.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Civil Programs) 
Dredge Spoil Disposal Studies 
Offshore Operations Studies 
Offshore Facilities and Deepwater Ports 
Construction Effects 
Storm Damage Assessment 
Arctic Research 
.S. Navy 
Submarine Location, Escape, and Rescue 
(NAVSHIPS) 
e Deep Ocean Technology (NAVMAT) 
®@ Man-in-the-Sea, Continental Shelf (NAVSHIPS) 
Deep Submergence Bio-Medical Development 
(BUMED) : 
Exploratory Development Projects (OCEANAV) 
Surface Supported Diving System (NAVSHIPS) 
Large Object Salvage System (NAVSHIPS) 
Deep Ocean Engineering and Research (ONR) 
Advanced Marine Technology (ONR) 
€-G 6) 6) 0 6 6 66S 6; 0) ee 
33 
© Operational Underwater Salvage (NAVSHIPS) 
e Fleet and Facilities Support (NAVFAC) 
e Acoustic Studies (NAVO) 
© Ocean Engineering and Construction Technology 
(NCEL) 
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 
e Decompression Table Standards (NIOSH) 
Department of the Interior 
© Underwater Interpretation and Research Within 
the National Park System (NPS) 
© Geophysical Investigations (USGS) 
® Sedimentology and Placer Mineral Deposits 
(USGS) 
e Sport Fisheries Research (BSFW) 
Department of Transportation 
© Underwater Safety Program (USCG) 
Atomic Energy Commission 
© Estuarine and Adjacent Area Ecological and Ra- 
dioecological Studies 
e@ Oceanic Processes and Populations 
© Power Package Recovery 
Environmental Protection Agency 
e@ Assessment of Marine Waste Disposal Areas 
(R&M ) 
e Water Quality and Ecology (OWP) 
® Enforcement Action Evidence Collection 
(OE&GC) 
National Science Foundation 
© Oceanographic Research 
e Research Facilities Support 
e@ Franco-American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study 
(FAMOUS) 
Smithsonian Institution 
® Biological-Geological Oceanography 
ABBREVIATIONS 
MARAD—Maritime Administration 
NOAA—National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin- 
istration 
NAVSHIPS—Naval Ships Systems Command 
NAVMAT—Naval Material Command 
BUMED—Bureau of Medicine and Surgery 
OCEANAV—Oceanographer of the Navy 
ONR—Office of Naval Research 
NAVFAC—Naval Facilities Engineer Command 
NAVO—Naval Oceanographic Office 
NCEL—Naval Civil Engineering Command 
NIOSH—National Institute of Occupational Safety 
and Health 
NPS—National Park Service 
USGS—U.S. Geological Survey 
BSFW—Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife 
USCG—U.S. Coast Guard 
R&M—Research and Monitoring 
OWP—Office of Water Programs 
OE&GC—Office of Enforcement and General Counsel 
