317 



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 185. 



Isay, _W.-H., and L. Lederer (1977). Kavitation an 

 Flugelprofilen. (Cavitation on Hydrofoils). 

 Schiffstechnik 24, 161. 



Jerlov, N. G., and E. S. Nielsen (1974). Optical 

 Aspects of Oceanography. Academic Press, London 

 and New Yorl< . 



Keller, A. P. (1970) . Ein Streulicht-Zahlverfahren, 

 angewandt zur Bestiminung des Kavitationskeims- 

 pektrums. (A Scattered-Light Counting Method 

 used for the Determination of the Cavitation 

 Nuclei Spectrum) Optics 32, 165. 



Keller, A. P. (1973) . Experimentelle and theore- 

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 Bigen Behandlung von Strbmungskavitation. 

 (Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on 

 the Problem of Cavitation in a Flow with Models) . 

 Versuchsanstalt fur Wasserbau der Technischen 

 Universitat Munchen. Rep. 26/1973. 



Keller, A. P., E. Yilmaz, and F. G. Hanmiit (1974). 

 Comparative Investigations of the Scattered-Light 

 Counting Method for the Registration of Cavitation 

 Nuclei and the Coulter Counter. University of 

 Michigan, Rep. UMICH 01357-36-T. 



Keller, A. P., and E.-A. Weitendorf (1975). Der 

 Einflu3 des ungelosten Gasgehaltes auf die 

 Kavitationserscheinungen an einem Propeller und 

 auf die von ihm erregten Druckschwankungen. 

 (Influence of Undissolved Air Content on 

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 and on Induced Hull Pressure Amplitudes) . 

 Institut far Schiffbau, Universitat Hamburg. 

 Rep. 321 A. 



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APPENDIX 



DESCRIPTION OF THE NOVEL TYPE OF VELOCITY 

 MEASUREMENT 



When particles or bubbles pass through a light beam, 

 they scatter a finite amount of light which is 

 dependent principally on the object shape, size, 

 index of refraction, and optical characteristics 

 of the beam. For this technique a small, homoge- 

 neously illiominated control volume (see No. 10 in 

 Figure 13) is optically defined by the cross- 

 sectional dimensions of the laser beam and the 

 optics of the system detecting the scattered light 

 (see No. 11 and 12 in Figure 13) . 



The amplitude of the electrical output pulses 

 from the photomultiplier (see No. 13 in Figure 13) 

 is proportional to the "nucleus" size, and thus is 

 the parameter used for "nucleus" spectrum determi- 

 nation . 



The pulse width corresponds to the time in which 

 the scatterer remains in the scattering volume, and 

 therefore, by knowing the dimensions of the control 



volume, the velocity of the "nuclei", i.e., the 

 flow velocity, can be evaluated. 



The sketch in Figure A 2.1 shows the shapes of 

 the optically bounded measuring volume for different 

 positions of the rectangular laser aperture and 

 the measuring slit in front of the photomultiplier. 

 The time the "nuclei" need to cross the control 

 volume is a function of the dimensions of the 

 volume in the flow direction, and of the flow 

 velocity. Therefore, the resulting photomultiplier 

 pulse width is a measure of the flow velocity if 

 the dimensions of the control volume are known. 

 To get an accurate relation between pulse width and 

 flow velocity, only nuclei of one known size, 

 defined by their pulse height, should be selected. 



Example I in Figure A 2.2 displays an arbitrary 

 position of the control volume relative to the flow 

 direction. In that case, even for laminar flow one 

 gets a certain fluctuation for the pulse widths, 

 because the dimensions of the volume in the flow 

 direction are not equal. 



