DETERMINE THE ACTION OF A SHIP BRAKE. 105 



DISCUSSION. 

 The Chairman : — This interesting paper by Captain Smith is now open for discussion. 



Mr. Clay L. Jennison, Junior: — As I am a Junior Member and have only recently 

 been elected, I do not know that I shall be allowed the floor. In some recent tests in the 

 model basin in Washington, which I conducted for Mr. Hyde, of Tacoma, Washington, I 

 found the results — although they were rather elementary compared with what Captain Smith 

 has offered — compared very favorably with his results. In tests on the midship section we 

 fitted a series of brakes in place of one or two. We found that the results obtained were very 

 unfavorable, but on results from brakes fitted well forward, so that they obtained a good 

 flow of water, we received an increase of resistance of about 300 per cent. That seems 

 almost abnormal, but the curves show it at 13 knots. 



Recently Mr. Hyde has had tested some brakes made up of sections of the bilge keel ; 

 the sections were about 6 feet long by about 2 feet in section. These showed a resistance 

 increase of about 155 per cent. From these results and the ones we obtained previously, Mr. 

 Hyde has decided to go ahead with some work on his own plans, and I think in the near 

 future a vessel on the west coast will be fitted with brakes, either the bow brake or bilge 

 keel brake. Perhaps at an early date Mr. Hyde will be able to submit to the members of the 

 Society some data on the bilge keel brake. 



Further, I would like to ask Captain Smith a question. In his paper he says that 

 some brakes were made for the Empress of Asia. I would ask if these have been placed on 

 the vessel, or if they are going to be placed on the vessel? 



Captain Smith : — I will answer the question by saying that no brakes have been built 

 or installed, to my knowledge, on any vessel. They have simply been designed. 



The Chairman: — Is there any further discussion on this paper? Doubtless Mr. 

 Hyde will be willing to bring to our notice the results of such further work as may be done 

 in this connection. I trust it will be ready for our next meeting. I am sure you will allow 

 the Chair to extend on your behalf a vote of thanks to Captain Smith for giving us this most 

 interesting paper, and also to authorize the Chair to extend a vote of thanks to Mr. Etter 

 for the paper read by Professor Owen — both valuable contributions to the literature of their 

 respective subjects. 



The next paper to be presented is No. 12, "The Maintenance of the Fleet," by Capt. 

 A. P. Niblack, U. S. N., Vice-President. 



Captain Niblack: — Under the Navy regulations I was required to submit this 

 paper to the Department to be censored, and one of the conditions under which it is permitted 

 to be read here is that it shall be read verbatim as written, and not interspersed with any 

 remarks. The Society wished me to make an abstract of the paper, to be read here, and 

 thus save you the infliction of the whole paper. I have made the abstracts as requested, but 

 under the conditions just set forth it is necessary that I shall read the whole thing. There- 

 fore, I will read it without alteration of any kind. 



