THE SUBMARINE OF TO-DAY AND TO-MORROW. 223 



advertised to use fuel oil. If we read about the engines we learn that they will use anything in 

 the way of fuel. It is a fact, however, that the engines actually demand a high grade of fuel. 

 The fuel is known as a "gas" oil. I understand that this oil is the product of distillation 

 above kerosene. However the fuel is produced it is a special fuel and very free flowing. 

 On the other hand the fuel used under the steam boilers is the residue from distillation. It 

 seems to me to be a very weak point in the Navy to use two fuels. Obviously the steam ves- 

 sels cannot use the "gas" oil, so it is up to the oil engine to use the heavy fuel. This is 

 perfectly practical, but it requires a knowledge of the conditions, and the designing engineer 

 must be divorced from his Diesel fallacies before perfect results can be obtained. This fuel in 

 the steam vessels is heated before being fed to the furnace. The idea is to render the oil free 

 flowing. The same method can be used in connection with the oil engine. Some time ago I 

 recognized this fact and filed an application for a patent upon an engine in which I pro- 

 vided a tank in which the fuel could be heated in the same manner as it is now heated on 

 the steam vessels. This application has been granted recently and will go to issue November 

 30. This feature will be incorporated in the engine being designed for the Navy Department. 



The strategic value of this point seems to be considerable. A submarine running short 

 of fuel and a long way from her base could procure sufficient fuel from any friendly ship 

 she meets. Then the Navy Department will be able to standardize its fuel to the extent of 

 eliminating one type of fuel from its stores. This, of course, is a step in the right direction. 



It is hoped that Mr. Sperry and Mr. Donnelly may be more or less satisfied with my 

 answer to their questions and that the members of the Society in general may give the 

 advisability of the use of steam in connection with the oil engine some consideration. 



Mr. Spear (Communicated) : — Mr. Brill has asked whether the information as to sur- 

 face and submerged displacement of type "B" in Table I, page 202, is correct. The answer is 

 "Yes." He has also asked for the speed corresponding to the surface radius at 3,000 knots 

 of the same design. This speed is 10 knots. In reply to his third question with respect to the 

 surface condition of loading of the "K" class, I would say that the displacement given, viz., 

 389 tons, is the full-load displacement corresponding to a complete supply of torpedoes, stores, 

 fuel, lubricating oil, etc. The corresponding radius of action of this class of boat is 3,150 

 nautical miles at a speed of 11 knots. A greater radius than this is obtained when using 

 certain reserve fuel tanks, the contents of which are, however, not included in the above 

 given displacement of 389 tons. 



The President : — The thanks of the Society are due to Mr. Spear for this paper, and 

 we also thank Mr. Ewertz for presenting it. 



Our schedule is completed, and I feel we can congratulate ourselves on the quality of 

 the papers which have been placed before us, and that during these two days we have had an 

 opportunity to renew pleasant acquaintances and benefit by discussions of a highly profes- 

 sional value. Our annual meeting ends tonight, when we meet to dine and lay aside for 

 the time being our technical duties. We can simply be good fellows and enjoy a good time. 



Mr. Stevenson Taylor asks for the floor. 



Mr. Stevenson Taylor, Past President: — Mr. President and gentlemen, before we 

 close this meeting. The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers has a very pleas- 

 ant duty to perform. The ill-health of the president since his election has prevented him from 



