the relationship of wind velocity and direction to ice drift velocity 

 as well as the development of open water areas, ridges and other pressure- 

 distribution caused deformations „ Ice reconnaissance from aircraft and 

 by satellites will provide valuable relief data. Bottom roughness data 

 will come from under-ice submarines operating fathometers and other 

 devices, Arctic ice drift stations will assist in development of 

 specialized stress equipment. 



Bureau of Ships FY-62 $1^00,000 



' FI-63 $715,000 



Because the Navy's increased submarine operations in the Arctic Ocean 

 require a detailed knowledge of the ice conditions, the Bureau will 

 continue to increase its efforts to understand the fundamental physics 

 of ice formation and break up. Both laboratory and field work in 

 ice physics will be undertaken by the Navy Electronics Laboratory. 

 Field work will concentrate on energy exchange processes and will be 

 carried out on temporary ice stations occupied from light aircraft, 

 The Office of Naval Research, Hydrographic Office, and Bureau of 

 Ships programs in the Arctic represent an integrated attack on this 

 large and difficult-to- study area. 



Studies at the Navy Electronics Laboratory's offshore tower will be 

 accelerated to gain further insight into the hydrodynamics of surface 

 waves and their relation to internal waves. At the University of 

 Miami investigation will continue into the high frequency spectrum of 

 surface waves and the ambient noise in the ocean caused therefrom. In 

 addition, the Navy Radiological Defense Laboratory will investigate 

 the role of waves in the distribution of radioactivity. 



DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMI 



Office of the Chief of Engineers FY-62 $100,000 

 ~ "™ FT-63 $1^0,000 



Wave generation by winds, the decay and modification of these waves 

 as they travel to the shore, and the mechanics of breaking waves are 

 part of the Corps' research program. These waves are the major de- 

 structive forces on jetties and seawalls built for navigation 

 improvement or for protection of the shore from hurricane attack. 



Beach Erosion Board FY-62 $79,000 



FT-63 $81,000 

 Measurements of ocean waves to determine the statistical wave climate 

 in selected coastal areas Is part of the Board's research program. 

 The improvement of wave generation theory will be pursued as part of 

 this program because waves are the most important factor in shore 

 erosion processes. This will involve descriptions of the wave spectrum 

 and wave variability and measurement of wave properties (as velocities, 

 form, pressures, particle motion, etc.). At present, the Board has 

 thirteen automatic recording stations in coastal waters and plans to 



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