add at least four new stations in FY-63. Some of these stations are 

 operated entirely with Beach Erosion Board funds and some on a 

 cooperative basis with other public or private agencies. Work will be 

 continued on the development of an economical wave -direction indicator 

 to be installed as a component of the wave -re cording stations . Some 

 of these newer stations will utilize Coast Guard light towers as 

 installation platforms. 



Research will be continued on the construction of wave refraction and 

 diffraction diagrams and on the reforming of waves after breaking over 

 submerged bars. 



DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 



Weather Bureau FY-62 $123,000 



FT-63 $173,000 

 The Weather Bureau's primary interest falls within the realm of 

 determining the interrelationship of the ocean and atmosphere. The 

 interplay between the atmosphere and the ocean is so intimate that they 

 can be considered as one medium separated by a discontinuity in density 

 and velocity. The exchange of heat, moisture, momentum, gases (such as 

 carbon dioxide and oxygen), and certain chemical elements (such as 

 sodium, chlorine, potassium, calcium and magnesium) has profound 

 influence on the subsequent behavior of the atmosphere and ocean. In 

 supplying the atmosphere, the oceans serve as a warehouse of nearly 

 infinite capacity for heat, moisture, and other properties. In turn, 

 the faster moving atmosphere supplies the oceans, particularly the 

 top layers, with much of their momentum. Various salts and elements 

 released by the ocean to the atmosphere serve as important condensation 

 nuclei which are necessary for cloud formation and ensuing precipitation. 

 Studies of these important properties, which are necessary to a better 

 understanding of the characteristics of both the oceans and the atmos- 

 phere, will be continued in FY -63. 



Long period changes in atmospheric circulation and in weather patterns 

 may be sensitive to the exchanges of heat and moisture between the 

 ocean and the atmosphere. For example, an unusual pattern of wind 

 and weather may alter the circulation of a large area of an ocean, 

 bringing warmer temperatures to one part and colder temperatures to 

 another. This new sea-surface temperature pattern, in turn, influences 

 the overlying air, thus possibly prolonging the unusual atmospheric 

 circulation pattern. Oceans are sluggish and once a pattern is 

 established, it tends to persist, thereby introducing a long range 

 effect on the overlying atmosphere in the subsequent weather patterns. 

 The Bureau will continue to study the "feedback" mechanism whereby unusual 

 weather conditions produce unusual sea conditions, particularly temperature 

 changes, and the manner in which these, in turn subsequently introduce 

 atmospheric changes, such as variations in paths and intensities of 

 storms. 



-1U- 



