placed aboard all ships not now having this capability. New techniques 

 of scanning the sea bottom to increase the effectiveness of research 

 ships will be pursued jointly with other groups within the Navy„ In 

 addition,, research into new and better navigation techniques will con- 

 tinue in order that positioning does not become a limiting factor in 

 these investigations. Coring and dredging will be done in close har- 

 mony with the bathymetric program to provide information on the nature 

 of sedimentation and its physical and chemical properties and to under- 

 stand the processes taking place that continually modify the sediments , 

 Most of the sedimentation studies will be carried out by oceanographic 

 laboratories such as Lamont Geological Observatory, Woods Hole Oceano- 

 graphic Institution,, University of Miami,, Texas A & M, Scripps Insti- 

 tution of Oceanography and Cambridge University, England , Every 

 oceanic area will receive attention in this program, with major em- 

 phasis in the areas of good navigational control „ These studies will 

 be conducted In to the shore line in many places to develop an under- 

 standing of the relation of the sea bottom to the continents „ For 

 example, the continental borderland off Southern California and the 

 South China Sea will be investigated by the University of Southern 

 California . Similarly, coastal geography studies will be made along 

 the East and Gulf Coast of the United States „ Applied programs con- 

 cerning the acoustical properties of the sediments and the reflectivity 

 and reverberation of the topography will be accelerated in FT-63. The 

 Hudson Laboratories of Columbia University, the Marine Physical Labora- 

 tory of Scripps Institution and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 

 will undertake the bulk of the applied re search , 



Other geophysical investigations of the sea floor and its substructure 

 will be made in cooperation with the aforementioned studies „ While 

 underway, the research ships will continually measure gravity and the 

 magnetic properties of the bottom, These results will be correlated 

 with topography. On station, the ships will make seismic reflection 

 and refraction measurements and will measure heat flow when possible. 

 None of these measurements by Itself can provide definitive knowledge 

 of the earth's substructure, but the combination of all provides the 

 only effective manner in which the crustal properties can be studied. 

 In the past, the major features such as the mid-Atlantic Ridge and the 

 East Pacific Rise have received the primary attention of the geophysical 

 investigations. Studies of these areas, in particular the geophysically 

 anomalous area of the East Pacific Rise, will continue during FY-63= 

 Additionally, the topographic features of the Indian and Antarctic 

 Oceans will be examined to determine what relation, if any, they have 

 with the predominant features of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, As 

 most of this work requires the use of two ships, both national and 

 international cooperation will be fostered. In the Atlantic, the 

 Woods Hole group will continue to work with the group at Cambridge, 

 Lamont will cooperate with the South American countries - Argentina, 

 Chile and Peru - and will also participate in the Indian Ocean Expedition, 

 Texas A & M will be encouraged to expand its geophysical work, Scripps 



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