to the benefit of man, we must understand more thoroughly air- sea 

 interactions. 



Coast & Geodetic Survey FI-62 $ 



FY-63 $ 

 All of the Coast & Geodetic Survey's programs such as: research on 

 tsunamis to improve the prediction techniques for the warning system, 

 current studies and charting activities for navigation, tidal studies 

 for use by coastal engineers and for storm surge studies are germane 

 to Objective Five. However, they have been described and budgeted 

 in either the other objectives of this report or within the Survey 

 Program. 



DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR 



Bureau of Commercial Fisheries FY-62 $825,000 



FY-63 $9lii,000 

 One of the principal ways in which man may modify the oceans is through 

 inducing a biological imbalance by the continued harvesting of certain 

 desirable species and the neglect of species of no commercial value. 

 Such selection imposes an additional mortality on species sought by 

 fishermen over that which occurs naturally, and it raises two questions: 



(1) what effect does fishing have on relations between species and 



(2) what rate of exploitation can be applied to a population to obtain 

 the maximum sustainable yield? The Bureau directs considerable 

 research towards tne first question in present programs and will 

 continue to do so in the future. No new programs are planned specifi- 

 cally on rates of exploitation in 1963. 



Experiments to induce mass biological productivity, such as creation 

 of artificial upwelling or fertilization of the sea with trace elements 

 which may be critical to high abundance of basic producers, have been 

 proposed, It would appear that such experiments can, in time, be 

 successful but that their chances of success will be greatly enhanced 

 after the relations between productivity and physical and biologic 

 processes are better known. Biologists do not know how most marine 

 animals respond to their present environment except in a very crude 

 way for some species. Therefore, this information should be gained 

 before giving high priority to experiments which would have to be 

 conducted on a trial basis because of lack of present information to 

 design them properly. 



Improvements in ways to catch fish are being sought. For example, 

 experiments will be made to herd fish, with curtains made from air 

 bubbles, into electrical fields from which they will be pumped aboard 

 ship . 



Research on coastal and inshore oceanographic conditions in the Gulf 

 of Mexico is to be expanded. The aim for this work is to learn the 

 extent that engineering and industrial developments are altering the 



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