1998 Year of the Ocean Ocean Living Resources 



commercial fishing operations; 3) to deter a marine mammal from damaging fishing gear or catch, 

 damaging private property, endangering personal safety, or damaging pubic property; 4) when 

 taken incidentally by citizens engaged in a specified activity (other than commercial fishing) within 

 a specified geographical region; 5) when the Secretary has waived the moratorium; or 6) if the 

 marine mammal was taken by an Indian, Aleut, or Eskimo for subsistence purposes or for purposes 

 of creating and selling authentic native articles of handicrafts and clothing. The MMPA provides 

 for enforcement of the Act and its implementing regulations. 



The Secretaries are directed to initiate negotiations with foreign governments to protect and 

 conserve marine mammals. The Secretaries may transfer management authority for a species of 

 marine mammal to a state. The MMPA also established the Marine Mammal Commission 

 composed of three members appointed by the President. 



Migratory Bird Treaty Act , 16 U.S.C. §§ 703-715s 



It is unlawfiil "to pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill . . . any migratory bird, any part, nest or egg" or 

 any product of any such bird protected by the Migratory Bird Convention, except as permitted by 

 regulations. The Secretary of the Interior is charged with determining when, to what extent, and 

 how to permit these activities. 



The National Aauaculture Act of 1980 , 16 U.S.C. §§ 2801-2810 



The purpose of the National Aquaculture Act of 1980 is to promote aquaculture in the United 

 States. The Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, and the Interior are required to establish and 

 periodically amend a National Aquaculture Development Plan. The Secretaries are required to 

 submit a biennial report to Congress that contains a description and evaluation of the actions 

 undertaken with respect to the Plan. The Secretaries are to provide information and assistance on 

 aquaculture activities. 



The National Fishing Enhancement Act of 1984 (Artificial Reefs), 16 U.S.C. § 1220, 33 U.S.C. 

 §$2101 etseq . 



States may apply to the Secretary of Transportation for obsolete ships which would be designated 

 for scrapping if the state intends to sink such ships for use as an offshore artificial reef for the 

 conservation of marine life. 



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