1998 Year of the Ocean Impacts of Global Climate Change 



Management strategies in coastal areas can be divided into three categories: 

 accommodate, protect, and retreat. The successful implementation of these planned management 

 strategies will depend to a large measure on the extent of their integration into the 

 implementation of other national and sectoral management plans, including integrated coastal 

 management plans. However, because of scientific uncertainties, the long-term nature of the 

 problem and large investments required, state and local governments have hesitated to effectively 

 address the issues relating to climate change. Consequently, management responses to climate 

 change impacts have been gradual since the early 1980s, but pioneering efforts have been 

 important for U.S. policy makers. A major educational challenge is to convince the public of the 

 urgency for taking measures now, through integrated coastal management, to deal with long-term 

 coastal climate change impacts. 



G-5 



