1998 Year of the Ocean Impacts of Global Climate Change 



Well-designed public education programs should target specific clientele — including 

 elected officials, user groups, women's groups, school children, and the general 

 public — ^to develop support for Integrated Coastal Management and climate change 

 action plans. Public education ought to include informal education programs that will 

 reach all segments of the community, including the illiterate, who may form a 

 significant segment of the stakeholder population. 



Training and education for Integrated Coastal Management should be prepared on a 

 multidisciplinary basis, so that trainees can become familiar with using all the 

 scientific information related to it. Universities and training and research 

 organizations should develop and strengthen programs of research, education, 

 training, extension services, and technical assistance that will contribute to continuing 

 ICM programs. These programs should combine theory and practice and should 

 emphasize the application of research to address important coastal management 

 issues. 



ICM programs require a team with skills in resource and socioeconomics, ecology, 

 geomorphology, coastal engineering, analysis of industrial and agricultural processes, 

 financing, and institutional (including legal) analyses. Climate change also requires 

 skills in meteorology, physical oceanography, Earth science, geography, and 

 predictive computer modeling. The most difficult skill to acquire is integrating the 

 various aspects of analysis and defining priorities among them, and discerning the 

 long-range implications of current actions. 



REFERENCES 



Broecker, W. S., 1991. The great ocean conveyor. Oceanography., 4, pp. 79-89. 



Culliton, J. Thomas, et al. April 1990. "50 Years of Population Change Along the Nation's 

 Coasts, 1960-2010." Washington, DC: NOAA, National Ocean Service. 



Costanza, R., et al. May 1997. "The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural 

 Capital." Nature, vol. 387, pp. 253-260. 



Dolan, R., F. Anders, and S. Kimball. 1985. "Coastal Erosion and Accretion in U.S. Geological 

 Survey National Atlas." Reston, VA: Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. 



EPA. 1995. Titus, James G. and V. Naranan. "The Probability of Sea Level Rise." Nov. 1995. 

 EPA 230-R-95-008. 



Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1991. "Projected Impact of Relative Sea Level Rise on 

 the National Flood Insurance Program." pp. 4-7. 



G-43 



