25 



Narragansett Marine Laboratory, 



University of Rhode Island 

 Institute of Marine Sciences, 



University of Miami 

 Oregon State University 

 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

 Graduate Research Center of the Southwest 



Most of these institutions are involved in 

 teaching as well as contract research; about 

 150 graduate students will be supported in FY 

 1967. Approximately 30 percent of ONR's FY 

 1967 research budget will be used to operate 

 ships which either belong to the contractor or 

 have been provided by the Navy to support 

 investigations. 



ONR will continue to stress basic scientific in- 

 vestigations of interest to the Navy. Oceanog- 

 raphers will attack problems in the following 

 areas: 



Descriptive Oceanography — The distribution 

 of physical and chemical parameters and 

 ordered motion in the sea. 



Dynamics of Oceans — Growth and decay of 

 waves at or below the surface of the ocean; 

 current systems and tiubulence (with a view 

 toward formulating rules governing the 

 response of the oceans to impressed forces). 

 Interactions of Atmosphere and Ocean — 

 Radiation and mass balance across the in- 

 terface. 



Ocean Data Sj'.s/f-wf — Research using this 

 recently developed system of long-range 

 telemetering buoys will be inaugurated in 

 FY 1967 to support investigations in the 

 above areas. 



Nuclear T^c/inz^MM — Applications by the 

 Naval Research Laboratorv to oceanography; 

 activation analysis of the distribution of luani- 

 um and radium in the ocean and its sediments. 

 One goal will be perfection of gas chromatog- 

 raphy techniques for use aboard ships in 

 determining trace quantities of organic mate- 

 rial in the ocean. 



Chemistry of Oceawi — Thermodynamics of 

 sea water; distribution and reactions of trace 

 elements; occurrence and implications of 

 dissolved organic matter. 



Geology and Geological Profe55<'5 — Sedimenta- 

 tion and the geochemistry of the oceans. 



Geophysical Structure of Ocean Basins — Re- 

 flection and refraction seismology; gravity 

 and magnetic obser\ations; heat flow mea- 

 surements. 



Biological Conditions— Effects bearing upon 

 physical, chemical, and geological phenomena 

 will be investigated. 



Also, in FY 1967, research will be supported to 

 learn as much as possible about the role of bio- 

 logical organisms in the sea with a view toward 

 discovering conditions which may affect naval 

 plans and ojDerations. The ability to predict and/or 

 control natural biological activities is one of the 

 major military goals of the program. The scientific 

 approach to these goals is to learn through obser- 

 vation, experimentation, and analysis the life 

 histories of organisms, their physiological and 

 biochemical inetabolic processes and products, 

 and their behavior in response to environmental 

 influences and conditions. Information gained 

 from this research will be applied to such problems 

 as: 



Interrelationships of marine organisms and 

 the interaction of the biological components 

 of natural waters with physical, chemical, and 

 geological, conditions. 



Activities of boring and fouling organisms, 

 their life histories, and their geographic, 

 seasonal, and depth distribution. 



Behavior patterns associated with sound 

 production and mechanisms of sound pro- 

 duction by animals, especially as they inter- 

 fere wi"th acoustic signalling during naval 

 operations. 



Effect of concentration of biological mate- 

 rial on the imderwater transmission of sound 

 and light. 



Occurrence of bioluminescence, its bio- 

 logical significance and the mechanisms of 

 production and control. 



The biology of dangerous aquatic animals 

 such as sharks. Poisonous and toxic or- 

 ganisms are also studied to learn more about 

 their behavioral responses and the pharma- 

 cological aspects of toxins. 



Problems in Undersea Warfare — This exploratory 

 development program is broad in concept, em- 

 bracing the fields of oceanography, physics, 

 submarine geophysics and geology. Key ele- 

 ments are bathymetry, seismology, gravity, 



