II. GEOGRAPHICAL EXPLORATION 



Oceanographic Surveys 



The FY 1967 siir\ey program has two major 

 operational components: 



A. Traditional Historic Surveys comprise the 

 Navy's military surveys; the Environmental 

 Science Services Administration's nautical 

 charting and tidal and current surveys; 

 Federal Water Pollution Control Adminis- 

 tration water quality surveys; and Biueau 

 of Commercial Fisheries exploratory fishing 

 and ground-fish sinveys. These surveys con- 

 stitute by far the largest percentage of the 

 total Federal marine survev effort. 



B. Scientific Exploration and Mapping Pro- 

 gram (SEAMAP) consists of ocean-wide sur\eys 

 of the type proposed by the National Academy 

 of Sciences Committee on Oceanography 

 (NASCO). The basic reasons for a systematic 

 oceanographic survey of the world ocean have 

 been spelled out in Chapter 9 of the NASCO 

 Report and have been put in an operational 

 framework by ICO Pamphlet #10, Oceanog- 

 raphy: The Ten Years Ahead. Whereas tradi- 

 tional surveys are analogous to tactical opera- 

 tions aimed at near-term pav-offs, the newlv 

 identified Scientific Exploration and Mapping 

 Program is analogous to strategic operations. 



It is aimed at longer-term payoffs to assure 

 more effective tactical programs of the future. 

 Progress on the program to date has been 

 slow, although the program has the support 

 of the non-governmental oceanographic com- 

 munity and the Interagency Committee on 

 Oceanography. 



The sur\ey programs of the Navy, Environ- 

 mental Science Services Administration, 

 Geological Surve)', and Coast Guard, con- 

 tribute directly to project SEAMAP. Part of 

 the data collected on the Bureau of Commer- 

 cial Fisheries EASTROPAC program and on 

 the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife 

 sur\ev program will also contribute to the 

 project. The Smithsonian Institution will 

 cooperate by having specialists aboard ships 

 of other agencies and by processing samples. 



Both the traditional and the SEAMAP survey 

 efforts are conducted on an ocean-wide basis. 

 Both are important in exploring the air-sea 

 interface, the water column, and the continental 

 shelves and ocean basins beneath. The total 

 planned funding for both sur\ey components is 

 shown in Table D. 



Table D " 



BALANCE OF SURVEY EFFORT 



(in thousands of dollars) 



