56 



program to de\'elop and improve methods of fish 

 har\esting, and the Biueau of Mines' in\estiga- 

 tions into sampling and reco\er\' techniques for 

 marine mineral deposits. 



6. Deep Ocean Drilling Technology — In order to 

 answer many important basic qtiestions about the 

 origin of the ocean basins and the nature of the 

 earth's sediments, crust and mantle, scientists and 

 engineers have dexeloped new methods to drill 

 through the sediment carpet on the ocean floor 

 into the mantle, .\mong the most exciting of these 

 efforts is Project MOHOLE, sponsored by the 

 National Science Foundation. The most geo- 

 logically fa\orable sites for this in\estigation are 

 in the deep ocean. Technology' perfected for this 

 particular program has far reaching implications 

 in terms of the future scientific and economic 

 exploitation of heretofore inaccessible portions 

 of the ocean. 



7. Nuclear Power for Deep Ocean Technology — 

 Large scale engineering projects in the ocean 

 require continuous power. There is a \ariet\ of 

 ways in which power can be generated at sea. The 

 most attractive for long-term projects appears to 

 be nuclear generated electricity. Because of the 

 need in oceanography for stable sources of power, 

 the Atomic Energy Commission has undertaken a 

 de\'elopment program in nuclear devices capable 

 of producing electricity. These sources range in 

 size from milliwatt to mega\vatt capabilitv. The 

 a\ailability of nuclear jjower generators to the 

 oceanographic comnumit\ will greatly influence 

 the rate at which the marine en\ ironment can be 

 exploited for the benefit of man. 



8. Supporting research, test and evaluation of 

 materials — The construction of vehicles, structures, 

 equipment and power plants for oceanographic 

 use, particularly for long-term exposiues to deep 

 depths or on the sea floor, introduces new environ- 

 mental parameters for structural and functional 

 materials and intimately related design concepts, 

 for which very little environmental data have been 

 available. For example, corrosion and other forms 

 of deterioration due to marine life, in both 

 metallic and non-metallic materials, ob\iousl\ 

 will be a major consideration. Ne\v t\pes of 

 strtictural materials, such as monolithic glass and 

 fiber-reinforced composites, ke\ed to new design 

 approaches offer great potential for more efficient 

 construction. Extensive programs have been 



established by the Navy to acquire the necessary 

 theoretical and experimental background and 

 design data. Results from these in\estigations 

 will be apjjlicable to both militar\ and ci\ilian 

 pmsuits and to American industry inxoKed in 

 oceanography. 



The basis of the Federal ocean engineering ef- 

 fort is a balanced attack on problems related to the 

 master> of the marine en\ironment. Ultimate use 

 of the technology developed through these pro- 

 grams will allow man to use efficiently the presently 

 imta])ped potential of the world oceans in the 

 national interest. Programs in ocean engineering 

 and technology in siqDport of the mission reqtiire- 

 ments of the ocean engineering oriented agencies 

 are described in the following paragraphs. 



DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 



Department of the Army 

 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 



FY 1965-$ 576,000 

 FY 1966-$ 696,000 

 FY i 967 -$1,220,000 



The Ocean Engineering Program ot the Corps 

 of Engineers is directed toward impro\ing 

 engineering techniques of (1) controlling shore- 

 line erosion, (2) pre\enting coastal flooding and 

 destruction from major storms and hurricanes 

 and (3) improving and maintaining coastal 

 navigation channels and protected harbors for 

 ocean cargo vessels and recreational craft. As in 

 the reseaix'h program, the major portion of this 

 work is jjerformed by the Coastal Engineering 

 Research Center (CERC), Washington, D.C. in 

 cooperation with other Federal agentics, state 

 go\ernments, and prixate firms and insiitutions. 

 This effort supports the Cor|)s' basic mission: 

 ci\il engineeiing in the neai-shore en\ironment 

 to jjrotect li\es and propert\' and to conserve 

 resoinces held in common b\ the .\meiitan 

 people. The entire progiam contributes to the 

 oxerall ICO continental shelf program. 



