90 



Manpower requirements for FY 1967, therefore, 

 should increase by roughly one-third over the 

 1964 figure. Although these requirement estimates 

 are closely related to research and survey ex- 

 penditines, the variance here (33% vs. 42%) is 

 best explained b) increased costs of ship operation 

 and equipment which are also included in research 

 and survey budgets. The net result is to approxi- 

 mate total professional staff requirements in the 

 vicinity of 4,000 bv the end of FY 1967. 



Manpower Supply 



smaller than present program requirements and 

 makes necessary the continuing recruitment of 

 staff from fields of biologv, geology, engineering, 

 etc. as in the past. The general increase in college 

 graduates with scientific degrees facilitates such 

 transfers. So long as opportunities in oceanog- 

 raphy continue to attract staff from the other 

 sciences, there is relatively little difficulty in 

 meeting requirements in the quantitative sense. 

 Recruitment from these sources does require 

 a significant program of supplemental training 

 to make effective use of such recruits. 



The academic training and technical back- 

 grounds of oceanographic staff are extremely 

 varied as shown in Scientific and Technical Personnel 

 in Oceanography. .Although advanced degrees in 

 oceanogra]ihN' seem to be preferred qualifications, 

 those working in oceanography frec|uently hold 

 advanced degrees in biologA', geology, or other 

 sciences.^ Others hold only bachelor's degrees 

 in science or engineering. 



Although significant growth in potential man- 

 power supply is evidenced by 763 graduate en- 

 rollments at the end of calendar year 1965 (as 

 compared with 547 for 1963), actual manpower 

 supply from oceanographic degree holders is 



^Scientific and Technical Personnel in Oceanography, ICO Pamphlet No. 

 21. pp. 33, 34. 



Federal Government Support of Training 

 in Oceanography 



Federal support for graduate training in 

 oceanography may be classified as (1) fellowships 

 and traineeships avvarded for graduate training; 

 (2) formal programs to provide siqjplementary 

 education and training to Federal employees; 

 and (3) research grants and contracts to uni- 

 versities which employ graduate students as 

 research assistants. 



The extent of Federal agency programs of these 

 types is shown in the accompanying Schedules 

 1, 2, and 3, which show estimated 1967 obliga- 

 tions of $1,474,000 in addition to 690 man- 

 years of graduate student support throtigh re- 

 search grants and contracts. 



