no 



100 

 90 

 80 

 70 

 60 

 50 

 40 



kg-col 

 cm^ yr 



-30 



-50 



-60 - 

 -70 



-80 



75 



t 1 1 r 



T 1 1 1 r 



LP 



-^ < \ 





\ / 

 \ / 



/ 



V 



/ 



-^R, 



N 60 40 20 20 40 60 s 



Figure 5 (after Budyko, 1956)- Annual heat budget of the atmosphere. Units, 



kg- calories per cm^ per year. LP is precipitation wanning where P is 



precipitation in cm and L is the latent heat of vaporization. Qg is the 



sensible heat transfer from the ocean; - Qyg. is atmospheric flux convergence 



of sensible heat plus potential energy, and Ro is the radiation balance of 

 the atmosphere . 



