188 



o 

 36 hours following the passage of the storm. The two reports of 72 F are 

 10° colder than those reported by the same ship some 25O-3OO miles to the 

 northeast and up to ll+^F lower than values reported by ships I5O-3OO miles 

 to the north and northeast 1 to 2 days earlier. The ship traverse across 

 the track of typhoon Nina of 1953 (Figure 2). which occurred about k8 hours 

 after the storm, reported temperature as low as 7^^- F. These values are some 



Figure 2. Same as Figure 1 except for typhoon Nina of 1953' 



10 lower than the climatological average for the area and season and up to 

 ll4.°F lower than reports from a ship traversing the area 150-200 miles to the 

 north about a week before the typhoon passage . 



The extent of cooling of the surface waters brought about by a tropical 

 cyclone is undoubtedly related to storm intensity and to the vertical 

 temperature distribution in the ocean. Typhoons Wanda and Nina were unusually 

 large and intense and there is little doubt that most tropical cyclones do 

 not result in cooling of the magnitude suggested by Figures 1 or 2 (or by 

 the previous paper by Leipper) . However, ship reports following tropical 

 cyclones suggest that rather marked cooling occurs in many cases. Fisher /f/ 

 noted cold pools in the sea surface temperature field following several 

 hurricanes in the 1953-1955 period and ship reports in the western Gulf of 



