337 



. methods to measure vertical eddy fluxes in the turbulent boundary 

 layer 



. theories to explain the mechanisms of turbulent flux and its 

 relation to the structure of the boundary layer 



. laboratory experiments and mathematical models to study boundary 

 layer processes 



. empirical formulae to relate exchange of momentum, sensible heat , 

 and water vapor to the structure of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, 

 and the interface , and 



. circulation models of the atmosphere and hydrosphere which include 

 interaction mechanisms 



Perhaps there is now a little time available to indicate briefly what 

 is being done in the government in this field, leaving out significant and 

 probably most important contributions from universities. Some results of 

 these studies have been reported in this conference. The main federal 

 support for university work comes from the National Science Foundation and 

 the Office of Naval Research. 



Perhaps the Navy's sea-air interaction program is the largest of its 

 kind in the government. One large study considers the generation of ocean 

 waves and its relationship tothe mechanisms of energy transfers from air to 

 sea. Mainly, Reynold's stresses are measured directly under a great 

 variety of conditions. This investigation includes also heat flux measure- 

 ments. There is a significant study under way to Investigate the mechanisms 

 of coupling the air - ice - water system and its relationship to the heat 

 budget of the Arctic Ocean. The objective of the program is to predict or 

 Improve the prediction of ice drift, of pressujre - ridge formation, of the 

 stability of leads in the ice as well as the formation, growth, deformation 

 and disintegration of sea ice. Computer programs are designed to test 

 statistically and dynamically three-dimensional models of ocean circulation, 

 the application of environmental parameters representing fluxes of the air- 

 sea interface as they relate to macro-scale oceanic processes, and the 

 influence of persistence, climatic, and transient synoptic processes; and 

 frictlonal and heat energy exchange on the behavior of the ocean. Further- 

 more, a project deals with the energy budget of an air-water column extending 

 from about l6' meters below to U5 meters above the Interface. Micro- scale 

 fluxes of momentum, heat, and humidity are measured at a fixed tower. The 

 results will provide Insight into the mechanisms of physical processes on the 

 micro- scale. 



The Public Health Service has initiated and is conducting a comprehensive 

 program on water pollution control. This program is carried out over the 

 Great Lakes and. encompasses a system of buoys, floats, and surface observations. 



