Contents 



Preface VII-3 



Section 1 Fisheries VII-3 



I. Findings and Recommendations . . VII-3 



II. Introduction VII-7 



III. The World Fisheries VII-7 



A. The Importance of Marine 



Fisheries VII-7 



B. Demand VII-8 



C. Production PossibiUties from 



the Sea VII-9 



D. Potential and Present Degree of 



UtiUzation by Area .... VII- 13 



IV. The National Fisheries VIM 5 



A. Demand VII-15 



1 . Per Capita Income .... VII-16 



2. Population: Size and Ethnic 



Composition VII-16 



3. Substitutes VII-16 



4. Tastes and Preferences . . . VII-16 



B. Production Possibilities for U.S. 



Flag Fisheries VIM 8 



1 . Scope of Existing U.S. Shelf 



and High Seas Fisheries . . VIM 8 



2. Potential Production . . . VII-21 



3. The Great Lakes Fisheries . . VII-26 



V. Sport Fishing VII-3 1 



A. Relation to Overall Fishery 



Development VII-3 1 



B. Areas of Expansion and Decline . VII-33 



C. Management of Sport Fisheries . VII-34 



1. Requirements VII-34 



2. Jurisdictional Problems . . . VII-34 



3. Sources of Conflict .... VII-34 



D. A Program for Resolution . . . VII-34 



1 . Fish licensing-Reporting 



System VII-36 



2. Sampling System VII-36 



VI. Other Uses of the Sea's Living 



Resources VII-37 



A. Sea Plants VII-37 



B. Pharmaceuticals VII-37 



C. Marine Mammals VII-39 



VII. Present Level and Structure of 



Federal Government Activity in 

 Exploration, Development, and 



Regulation of Living Marine 



Resources VII-39 



A. Administrative Structure . . . VII-39 



B. Federal Exploration Efforts . . VII40 



C. Fisheries Development .... VII-42 



D. Regulation VII43 



E. International Activities .... VII-44 



F. Evaluation of the Federal 



Fisheries Effort VII-44 



VIII. The Role of the States VIMS 



A. Research VIMS 



B. Management and Regulation . . VII49 



C. Education VII-49 



D. Political and Biological 



Constraints VII-50 



E. The Need for New Organizational 



Arrangements VII-50 



IX. A Program for Rehabilitation and 



Expansion VII-51 



A. Objectives VII-52 



B. Elements of a Positive Program . VII-53 



1. Exploration VII-53 



2. Reduction in Costs of Vessels 



and Equipment .... VII-54 



3. Removal of Legal and 



Institutional Barriers 



to Efficiency VII-55 



4. Technological Development 



of U.S. Fisheries .... VII-56 



5. Fish Protein Concentrate . . VII-57 



6. Institutional Arrangements for 



Technological Research 



and Development . . . VII-60 



7. Aquaculture VII-61 



X. Regulation of Fisheries: Why and 



How? VII-61 



A. Biological Determinants of 



Physical Yields VII-62 



B. Economic Factors in Fishery 



Regulation VII-63 



1 . Output and Resource 



Allocation VII-65 



2. Efficiency VII-65 



3. Progressiveness VII-65 



4. Income Distribution .... VII-65 



C. Policy Implications VII-66 



References VII-69 



