the Virginia City, a 205-foot vessel equipped with 

 drilling rigs, an assay laboratory, and geological 

 equipment.) Such information is combined with 

 available knowledge of the particular marine envi- 

 ronments to develop engineering representations 

 or models of the physical situation at a site. From 

 these data the proper mining systems can be 

 designed and developed for a given set of physical 

 conditions. 



—Production technology. Programs in this area are 

 concerned with the development of equipment 

 and techniques for the actual production and 

 extraction of minerals by industry once the 

 physical situation has been adequately defined by 

 programs in delineation technology. The emphasis 

 is on developing methods to recover marine 

 minerals in a manner compatible with other uses 

 of the environment. 



The Bureau conducts a General Orientation 

 Program for industry at its Marine Minerals Tech- 

 nology Center in Tiburon, California. The purpose 

 minerals field, help them decide where their 

 interests lie, and determine possible opportunities 

 for their own commercial ventures on the sea 

 floor. In April 1968 five companies were partici- 

 pating in this program. Each company assigns a 

 representative for one year, pays his salary and 

 expenses, and pays the Goverimient $25,000 to 

 help offset some of the costs of the program. 



3. Bureau of Land Management 



The BLM has responsibility for the leasing of 

 lands on the Outer Continental Shelf. The Bureau 

 does not participate in research projects. The lands 

 which BLM may lease are those beyond the 

 territorial waters of the States, out to the 200 

 meter isobath, or beyond that depth if the 

 Secretary of the Interior approves. The BLM also 

 prepares leasing maps whenever interest is shown 

 in a particular area. The Bureau presides over lease 

 sales. After a lease has been in operation for one 

 year it is turned over to the Geological Survey for 

 management. Thereafter the returns from the 

 leases are sent to the BLM, which transmits them 

 to the Treasury. 



The jurisdiction of the States and Federal 

 Government with regard to offshore lands is at 

 issue in several instances and a number of court 



cases are pending. The BLM does much of the fact 

 finding for the Department of Justice in these 

 instances. 



The 1968 level of funding for BLM was about 

 $100,000. A funding of $400,000 has been re- 

 quested for FY 1969. 



Programs of other Federal agencies that con- 

 tribute indirectly to the understanding and suc- 

 cessful exploitation of marine resources include 

 certain of those of the Navy, NSF, and ESSA. 

 However, the principal goals ot these programs are 

 not to appraise and develop mineral resources, and 

 their funding is based on other factors. 



B. State 



A State-by-State appraisal (covering coastal 

 States) of organizational structure relevant to non- 

 living marine resources conducted by John I. 

 Thompson & Company'' * indicated wide variances 

 in structure, attitude, interest, and method of 

 operations, as shown in Appendix B. States enjoy- 

 ing oil and gas benefits, such as Louisiana and 

 California, are most cognizant of the various 

 problems, have the largest staffs, and expend the 

 most monies in managing marine resources, where- 

 as States with httle or no current activity have 

 scanty knowledge of the problems. 



Some of the problems and conflicts encounter- 

 ed by the States are: 



—Lack of State laws to encourage or guide 

 exploration and exploitation of marine hard min- 

 eral resources. 



—Conflicts with fishing interests, particularly relat- 

 ing to geophysical work. 



-ConfUcts with sportsmen and recreation develop- 

 ments. 



—Determination of boundaries between State and 

 Federal jurisdiction. 



—Prevention of pollution. 



There is no set pattern to the interstate agency 

 structure for planning and coordinating State 

 programs or efforts to exploit marine mineral 



Subcontract study report to Commission on Marine 

 Science, Engineeiing and Resources, 1968. 



VIM 22 



