modern mining methods are employed. Developing nations will probably continue to produce solar salt 

 from the sea for minimal usage. 



Salt prices are quoted at $1.00 per hundredweight for rock salt in paper bags and in carlots f.o.b. New 

 York and $1.34 per hundredweight for table salt on the same basis. 



Potential from marine sources. Enormous tonnages of salt are available on land and from offshore salt 

 domes. The total number of domes now known on land and offshore in the Gulf Coast area is well over 

 300. There also exists the probability of bedded salt deposits in the continental shelves of the Gulf 

 Coast. In addition, salt can be extracted from sea water. The potential for salt from marine sources is 

 therefore virtually unlimited, but in view of huge land-based resources available it is unlikely that salt 

 will be extracted from marine sources other than sea water for a long time. 



SAND AND GRAVEL 



Uses. About 96 per cent of sand and gravel utilization is in concrete for construction of buildings and 

 for concrete and bituminous paving. The glass industry is an important user of higher quality sands, and 

 large tonnages of sand are used in iron and steel foundries to make molds for steel castings. Smaller 

 amounts are used for ceramics, in stone sawing, sand blasting, glass grinding, stone polishing, as fillings in 

 paints, plasters, and cements, and as an abrasive material in soaps and poUshing compounds. Sand is also 

 used in the chemical industry and as a filter in municipal water plants. 



Present levels of utilization of sand and gravel in millions of tons. 



World (1966 production) 6,534 (estimated) 



United States 933 



Ranges of demand projections to the year 2000. 



Prospective supplies and prices. Resources of sand and gravel, both on land and beneath the sea, are 

 virtually unhmited in the United States and in the world. However, shortages may exist locally, 

 especially in urbanized or heavily populated areas. 



Sand and gravel in the United States is valued at an average of $0.99 per ton f.o.b. pit for use as 

 construction aggregates. Actual delivered prices are much higher, depending upon factors such as 

 distance from production site and competition in the local market. Typical prices in metropolitan areas 

 vary from about $1.30 to $4.00 per ton and average about $2.00 per ton. World prices vary locally and 

 are generally assumed to be in proportion to the local stage of economic development and per capita 

 wealth. 



Possible substitute materials. Crushed stone, iron-blast-furnace slag, and fly ash are used to supplement 

 or replace sand and gravel in some types of construction. Stone sand produced by marble and granite 

 processors is frequently used to replace natural sand in masonry work and larger sized chips from the 



VH-152 



