Programs aimed at waterfront redevelopment in 

 urban areas can provide for high-density recrea- 

 tional facilities as well as for other needs. Not only 

 should consideration be given to the development 

 of suitable stretches of shoreline for recreation, 

 but in planning new port facilities; for example, 

 observational galleries, dock-side restaurants, and 

 educational exhibits could be provided, along with 

 adequate access and parking space, to enable the 

 public to view dock-side operations. 



The drama of docking and loading and unload- 

 ing ships has a special fascination for both local 

 audiences and tourists, yet few opportunities are 

 available to view such operations at close range. 



A second kind of need is for marine recrea- 

 tional areas in the "week-end and vacation" zones, 

 which might extend from 50 to several hundred 

 miles from home. Such areas will generally be 

 much more spacious than the high-density "day 

 trip" areas and would include additional recrea- 

 tional opportunities, such as camping, sailing, 

 power boating, water skiing, deep sea fishing, 

 hiking, photography, bird watching, staying in an 

 underwater habitat, and general sightseeing. Access 

 would be mainly by automobile, and the need for 

 public transportation less urgent than in the case 

 of the "day-trip" zone. Most areas of this type 

 would come under the jurisdiction of State and 

 Federal Governments, although the distinction is 

 not clear-cut. 



A third kind of need is for marine wilderness 

 preserves. Our coasts contain a number of unique 

 scenic areas and marine ecological communities, 

 but these are decreasing. The habitats of certain 

 endangered species of fish and wildlife are among 

 the dwindling sites. The Arkansas Wildlife Refuge 

 on the Texas coast in which whooping cranes 

 spend their winters is perhaps the most famous of 

 such areas. Specialized habitats such as these, as 

 well as underwater wilderness areas, must be 

 included in a balanced National outdoor recreation 

 system. 



III. SUPPLY 



A. Existing Coastal Recreation Areas 



More than 400 recreation areas in the coastal 

 zone have been developed by Federal and State 

 government agencies. The capacity of these areas is 

 unknown. 



Twenty of the larger areas, administered by the 

 National Park Service, are listed. Most are well 

 beyond the reach of the day-trip zone and the 

 disadvantaged citizens of urban areas. 



Atlantic Coast 



Acadia National Park, Maine 

 Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts 

 Fire Island National Seashore, New York 

 Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland- 

 Virginia 

 Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina 

 Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina' 

 Everglades National Park, Florida 

 Fort Jefferson National Monument, Florida 



Caribbean 



Virgin Islands National Park, Virgin Islands 

 Buck Island Reef National Monument, Virgin 

 Islands 



Gulf Coast 



Padre Island National Seashore, Texas 



PaciHc Coast 



Channel Islands National Monument, California 

 Point Reyes National Seashore, California 

 Olympic National Park, Washington 

 Glacier Bay National Monument, Alaska 

 Katmai National Monument, Alaska 

 Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii 



Great Lakes 



Isle Royale National Park, Michigan 



Pictured Rocks National Lake Shore, Michigan 



Indiana Dunes National Lake Shore, Indiana 



Local governments and private enterprise have 

 also developed numerous areas and facilities, al- 

 though the number and capacity are unknown. 

 Nor is information available on whether the 

 capacity of any of these areas can be expanded to 

 accommodate additional use. 



The unknown capacity factor makes it difficult 

 or impossible to assess the adequacy or inadequacy 

 of existing and potential facilities in terms of 

 present and future demand for shoreline recrea- 

 tional space. 



VII-240 



