serving and economically efficient utilization of 

 the living resources of the seas. 



F. Under the conditions specified in the Geneva 

 Convention Resolution on "Special Situations 

 Relating to Coastal Fisheries," some preference 

 should be accorded the coastal State with respect 

 to access to the fisheries of the high seas beyond 

 the 1 2-mile limit. 



G. Increased bilateral and multilateral aid 

 should be given to the developing countries to 

 improve their fisheries capabilities. 



H. If the recommended system of coastal State 

 preference should prove to be acceptable, the 

 effort should be made to secure agreement on a 

 narrow territorial sea and assurance of the right to 

 pass through and fly over international straits. 



I. Until the existing disagreements with the 

 coastal States of Latin America are resolved, the 

 policy of indemnification embodied in the Fisher- 

 man's Protective Act of 1967 should be continued. 

 But the Act should be amended to eliminate the 

 requirement that the amount of aid a country is 

 scheduled to receive from the United States must 

 be cut by the total of unpaid United States claims 

 against it for seizing United States fishing vessels. 



of fish specimens) in its exclusive fisheries zone for 

 the purpose of facilitating the utilization of fish 

 exploited wholly or in large part outside the zone. 



3. Research concerning the continental shelf. 



The United States should declare that it will 

 consent to the conduct of any proposed foreign 

 scientific investigation certified by IOC as meet- 

 ing the requirements for coastal State approval 

 specified in Article 5(8) of the Convention on 

 the Continental Shelf. 



It should give the broadest possible inter- 

 pretation to the terms "qualified institution" and 

 "purely scientific research," for purposes of Arti- 

 cle 5 (8) of the Convention on the Continental 

 Shelf. 



It should state that it is prepared to grant 

 applications by foreign scientists for permission to 

 conduct broad categories of research without 

 requiring them to make repeated requests for 

 consent to engage in individual projects faUing 

 within an approved category. 



It should interpret the Convention on the 

 Continental Shelf as requiring the prior consent of 

 the coastal State only for research involving 

 physical contact with the continental shelf. 



V. AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL-POLITICAL 

 FRAMEWORK FOR CONDUCTING SCIEN- 

 TIFIC INQUIRY IN THE OCEANS 



A. Action Within Existing Framework 



The United States should take the following 

 steps, unilaterally, to implement a policy of "easy 

 access" for scientific inquiry: 



1. Cooperative projects. 



2. Fishery research in its territorial waters and 

 exclusive fisheries zone. 



To encourage international scientific coop- 

 eration, it should announce that it will consent, 

 upon proper notice and subject to reasonable 

 conditions, to the conduct, in its territorial waters 

 and exclusive fisheries zone, of scientific research 

 (including in the case of fishery research, the 

 limited taking of fish specimens) which is part of 

 an international cooperative project sponsored or 

 endorsed by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic 

 Commission. 



It should define "fishery research" so that 

 foreign scientists will be able, without its consent, 

 to conduct research (including the limited taking 



B. A New International Convention, and Interim 

 Bilateral and Regional Agreements, on Marine 

 Scientific Research 



The United States should take the initiative to 

 propose a new international convention on marine 

 scientific research which should embody the fol- 

 lowing provisions. Pending the negotiation of such 

 a convention, the United States should seek to 

 enter into bilateral and regional agreements em- 

 bodying the same provisions. 



1 . Scientific research in the territorial waters or 

 on and concerning the continental shelf of a 

 coastal State may be conducted without its prior 

 consent, provided that (1) the coastal State is 

 given prior notification of (a) the intent to carry 

 on such research, (b) the period or periods of time 

 during which the research will be conducted and 

 (c) a description of its objects and methods, 

 sufficiently in advance of its commencement so 

 that the coastal State may, if it wishes, participate 

 or be represented in all or any part of the research; 

 and (2) the investigators agree to publish the 

 results of the research. 



vni-8 



