Johnson indicated that the United States would 

 also regard as desirable early international accord 

 on the following additional principles: (a) "Inter- 

 national standards should be set to foster orderly 

 exploration and use of the seabed," (b) "Activities 

 on the seabed should be conducted with reason- 

 able regard for the activities of other States;" (c) 

 "Cooperative scientific research of the seabed 

 should be encouraged together with broad dissemi- 

 nation of the results of scientific studies;" and (d) 

 "Pollution and interference with the traditional 

 freedoms of the seas should be avoided."'"* 



On June 28, 1968, the United States Represent- 

 ative to the Legal Working Group of the Ad Hoc 

 Committee introduced a draft resolution*"^ under 

 which the United Nations General Assembly 

 would commend "to States for their guidance the 

 following principles concerning the deep ocean 

 floor"; 



1. No State may claim or exercise sovereignty 

 or sovereign rights over any part of the deep ocean 

 floor. There shall be no discrimination in the 

 availability of the deep ocean floor for exploration 

 and use by all States and their nationals in 

 accordance with international law. 



2. There shall be established, as soon as practi- 

 cable, internationally agreed arrangements govern- 

 ing the exploitation of resources of the deep ocean 

 floor. These arrangements shall reflect the other 

 Principles contained in this Statement of Principles 

 Concerning the Deep Ocean Floor and shall 

 include provision for: 



(a) the orderly development of resources of the 

 deep ocean floor in a manner reflecting the 

 interest of the international community in the 

 development of these resources; 



(bj conditions conducive to the making of 

 investments necessary for the exploration and 

 exploitation of resources of the deep ocean floor; 



(c) dedication as feasible and practicable of a 

 portion of the value of the resources recovered 

 from the deep ocean floor to international com- 

 munity purposes; and 



'"^Marine Science Affairs 1968, at 30. 



Draft Resolution Containing Statement of Principles 

 Concerning the Deep Ocean Floor, United States Mission 

 to the United Nations, Press Release U.S. U.N- 107 (68), 

 June 28, 1968. Principle 5 deals with international 

 scientific cooperation and will be considered in Chapter 5 

 of this report. 



(d) accommodation among the commercial and 

 other uses of the deep ocean floor and marine 

 environment. 



3. Taking into account the Geneva Convention 

 of 1958 on the Continental Shelf, there shall be 

 established, as soon as practicable, an internation- 

 ally agreed precise boundary for the deep ocean 

 floor- the seabed and subsoil beyond that over 

 which coastal states may exercise sovereign rights 

 for the purpose of exploration and exploitation of 

 its natural resources. 



Exploitation of the natural resources of the 

 ocean floor that occurs prior to establishment of 

 the boundary shall be understood not to prejudice 

 its location, regardless of whether the coastal state 

 considers the exploitation to have occurred on its 

 "continental shelf. " 



4. States and their nationals shall conduct their 

 activities on the deep ocean floor in accordance 

 with international law, including the Charter of 

 the United Nations, and in the interest of main- 

 taining international peace and security and pro- 

 moting international cooperation, scientific knowl- 

 edge, and economic development. 



* * * 



6. In the exploration and use of the deep ocean 

 floor. States and their nationals: 



(a) shall have reasonable regard for the inter- 

 ests of other states and their nationals; 



(b) shall avoid unjustifiable interference with 

 the exercise of the freedoms of the high seas by 

 other states and their nationals, or with the 

 conservation of the living resources of the seas, 



and any interference with fundamental scientific 

 research carried out with the intention of open 

 publication; 



(c) shall adopt appropriate safeguards so as to 

 minimize pollution of the seas and disturbance of 

 the existing biological, chemical and physical 

 processes and balances. 



Each State shall provide timely announcement 

 and any necessary amplifying information of any 

 marine activity or experiment planned by it or its 

 nationals that could harmfully interfere with the 

 activities of any other State or its nationals in the 

 exploration and use of the deep ocean floor. A 

 State which has reason to believe that a marine 

 activity or experiment planned by another State or 

 its nationals could harmfully interfere with its 

 activities or those of its nationals in the explora- 



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