TABLE OF CONTENTS 



XI 



4.42 Tests ooiineftcd with theory develojjment and 



:i|)piieation 181 



5 Observations on Ships at Sea 182 



5.1 ( )l).serv:itioMs Considering Sea Action on a Ship: 



5.11 ( Ihservations of Kent, Kenipf and 



Hoppc 183 



5.12 Voyage of the MS San Francisco 186 



5A'.i Admiralty Ship Welding Committee — SS 



Ocean Vulcan 190 



5.14 W. Mockel's observations on fishing trawlers. 196 



5.15 Voyage of the SS Nissei Maru 196 



5.U) Additional data on sea voyages 201 



5.2 Statistical Observations at Sea 204 



5.3 Concluding Remarks on Ship ( )bservations at 



Sea 206 



6 Ship Stabilization 208 



0.1 Rolling Stabilization 208 



G.2 Pitching Stabilization 209 



7 Concluding Remarks — General 210 



7.1 .Applications of Ship Motion Theory 210 



7.2 ( )bservations on Ships at Sea 211 



7.3 Sunuu.'iry 213 



Condensed List of Suggested Research Topics 213 



Nomenclature 217 



Bibliography 218 



Code of Abbreviations 218 



Detailed References 218 



Additional Bibliographies 234 



Papers by Sir Tlmnias H. Ilavclock 234 



Chapter 4 RESISTANCE, PROPULSION AND SPEED OF SHIPS IN WAVES 



1 



2 

 2.1 



2.3 



2 

 2 



2.33 

 2.4 



Introduction 



Ship Speed and Power in a Moderate Sea 



Resistance Caused by Waves in .\bsence of 

 Heaving and Pitching 



.Added Resistance Cau.sed by a Conil>inetl Action 

 of Waves and Shi|) Motions 



Towing-Tank Tests for Resistance in Waves. . . 



31 Methods of testing and presenting test results 



32 Typical data on resistance in waves 



Ship-model correlation 



Projieller Klhciency 



237 



238 



238 

 240 

 240 

 241 

 242 

 243 



2.5 I'jstimatc of Ship Ri'sistance and Speed Loss in 



( )perating Conditions 243 



2.ti ( )bscrvations on Shijts at Sea 244 



2.(il Mockel's summary 244 



2.(12 Boriebakkcr's data 245 



3 Ship Speeds in Storm Seas 248 



3.1 Speed Loss Versus Ship Form 249 



4 Concluding Remarks 251 



Suggested Research Topics 253 



Nomenclature 254 



Bibliography 254 



Chapter 5 LOADS ACTING ON A SHIP AND THE ELASTIC RESPONSE OF A SHIP 



1 Introduction 256 



1.1 Conventional Static Method of Bending Mo- 



ment Calculation 256 



1.2 Attempts at Improvement of the Static Method 256 



1.3 Dynamics of Ship Motions 257 



1.4 Rate of Loail .Application to a Shiji's Structure. . 257 



2 Rational Theory of Bending Moments 257 



2. 1 Linear 'I'heory 258 



2.2 Nonlinear Theory 259 



3 Bending Moment — ' )bservations on Ships at Sea 260 



3.1 MS San Francisco 260 



3.2 SS ( )cean Vulcan 263 



4 Bending Moment — Ship Model Experiments .. . 265 



4.1 E. \'. Lewis, T-2 Tanker 265 



4.11 E.\|)erimcntal Data, . 267 



4.12 Analysis of E. V. Lewis' Bending-moment data 268 



4.2 K. ( )chi— .\ Cargo Ship 270 



4.3 M. Sato— Destroyer Model 275 



4.4 Lewis and Didzell— Destroyer Model 278 



4.5 Severity of Experinii'utal Waves 280 



5 Rapidly AppUed Loads (Slamming, Pounding). . 283 

 5.1 SlaiiMiiing of Slow Ships 284 



5.6 



8 



8.1 

 8.2 

 8.3 

 8.4 



()l)servations of USCGC Unimak 285 



( )bservations on a Destroyer 286 



Water Pressures in Slamming 287 



Relationslii]) Between Slamming Load and 



Bending Moment 290 



Free vibrations 291 



Forced and transient vibrations 292 



.\dded mass and damping 295 



Similarity conditions in ship vibrations 296 



Dalzell's analj-sis of destroyer model vibration 296 



Statistical Theory of Slamming 298 



Statistical Data on Ship Bending Stresses — Re- 



latrd to Sea Conditions 298 



Statistical Data on Ship Bending Moments — LTn- 



related to Sea Conditions 301 



Maximum Bending Moment P;xpected at Sea. . . 301 



Concluding Remarks and General Research 



Suggestions 301 



Shij) .Motions and Damping Forces 302 



Need for ( >cean-Wave Data 302 



Linear Theories and Model Tests 303 



Nonlinear Theories 303 



