Ionic strength, I: 
g (23) 
I= 21/2 miV; 
m. is the moles of ion i per 1000 gm of solution 
V; ius/the valency of ion i 
Ionic strengths of test solutions ranged from 0.2 to 
Z22°With typlealesea water: ae Ose 
Salinity — Salinity is here defined as the ‘total 
weight of dissolved salts in solution expressed as a 
percentage of the total solution weight. Salinities ranged 
from 1.0 to 11.0% with typical sea water at 3.3%. 
In Fable #31, the Gl: andy br 4 Ga, and s07-" concen. 
trations as well as the salinities and ionic strengths are 
given for the eight test solutions. Also given are the 
fatios of Ca and SO, = to Cl and Bre.  Uorne (23) gives 
these values for the West Pacific Ocean as 0.0206 to 0.0213 
for Cat+ and 0.140 for SO,°~-. The experimental ratios agree 
with these values to within 5% at the lower salinities, but 
become much less at the more concentrated solutions due to 
the removal of calcium sulfate. 
Because the salinities were calculated by assuming 
constant proportions among the various ions, they cannot be 
considered more accurate than 5%. However, the reproduci- 
bility of the results, which depend mainly on the gravi- 
metric analysis of the Cl” and Br is much better than this. 
Viscosity: For each of the experimental solutions two 
separate runs were done from 0 to 150°C. For each run the 
viscometer was cleaned with aqueous sodium triphosphate fol- 
lowed by chromic acid. It was then filled with sea water 
and readings taken at the following temperatures (°C) 
approximately: V0s2 0220554505, 10.02) 205° 40. 605, 80s 00. 
PZ Olid OS LSOv 
To produce Table 32 the viscosity values were first 
corrected for evaporation and then fit by least squares 
against the salinity using 
pe Vitae Ax + Bx? : cx4 (24) 
v is the kinematic viscosity of the solution in 
centistokes 
80 
