Because it "became evident about 10 years ago that the sheer 

 volume of data involved in global environmental analysis and fore- 

 casting and the inevitable advances in related techniq.ues could 

 only be handled by numerical methods, the Wavy established the 

 Fleet Wiunerical Weather Central, Monterey (Fig. 7), "to move the 

 Wavy into the era of computerized environmental products. Today, as 

 the hub of our Weather Central System, it is one of the world's 

 largest scientific computer complexes, with hemispheric meteorologi- 

 cal and oceanographic responsibilities -- producing analyses and 

 forecasts for direct operational use and in support of all units of 

 the Waval Weather Service Command. 



Completing the organizational picture req.uires one more concept 

 -- The Waval Weather Service System. The System is a term used to de- 

 scribe all commands and units in the Wavy to which environmental 

 personnel are attached, either for making observations or for pro- 

 viding professional or technical support to Waval Force Commanders. 

 The System is composed of the Waval Weather Service Command -- The 

 Centrals, Facilities, and Environmental Detachments -- plus elements 

 of other naval commands (Fig. 8). Roughly 100 major ships, major 

 force and fleet staffs, and several shore commands have environmental 

 groups of varying sizes attached to provide local and special inter- 

 pretations of the basic products furnished by Monterey and the Cen- 

 trals .and Facilities. The Marine Corps has similar environmental 

 terms to support aviation and artillery operations. The Waval 

 Weather Service Command furnishes technical guidance to the entire 

 System. 



How it all works is shown in Figures 9 and. 10. Environmental 

 observations are collected world-wide, including observations made 

 by Waval Weather Service units. The observations are transmitted to 

 Fleet Wimierical Weather Central at Monterey where they are quality- - 

 checked, sorted, and edited by ADP programs. Then, the analysis and 

 prognosis programs take over, and the analyzed fields are transmit- 

 ted back to the Fleet Weather Centrals, computer-to-computer at the 

 equivalent of ^,000 teletype words per minute. Here, the data fields 

 of interest are automatically extracted, supplemented with local 

 data, and then disseminated by radioteletype, radio facsimile, or 

 data link to other Waval Weather Service Command units and ultimate- 

 ly to the Fleet and Marine Corps lonits. 



Most of the analysis and dissemination processes are completely 

 automatic, utilizing modern computer and ancillary equipment, 

 coupled with a highly efficient three -continent, high-speed commun- 

 ication system called the Waval Environmental Data Wetwork (WEDW) . 

 The main trunks emanate from Monterey, connecting with computers at 

 Guam, Pearl, Worfolk, and Rota (Fig. ll). From Worfolk and Alameda, 

 the trunks fan out along the East and West Coast tie lines to the 

 locations shown in Figure 12. The terminal stations are concerned 

 basically with antisubmarine warfare or fontrol of operational forces, 



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