(1968) performed a laboratory experiment with a two component system of 

 immiscible fluids and obtained still different values for C, m, and n, indi- 

 cating the need for the development of a suitable model relating the heat 

 transfer through a multilayer system to that for a homogeneous system. 

 These engineering studies did not include the salt flux as a factor. Labora- 

 tory studies reported by Turner (1965, 1967) included both salt and heat 

 flxix. 



The criteria for formation of layers within an ocean structure are as 

 yet unknown. However, it seems certain that velocity shear plays an impor- 

 tant role (Woods, 1968). 



Temperature and salinity gradients 



The conditions that exist in the ocean have been classified by Turner 

 and Stomimel (1964) according to magnitude and sense of temperature and 

 salinity gradients. They also discussed vertical convection processes associa- 

 ted with these gradients. We have indicated the four possible combinations 

 of temperature and salinity gradients as Cases I, II, III and IV. One can 

 illustrate the principal density on buoyancy fluxes associated with the four 

 cases (Figure 1). 



In Case I salinity increases with depth,while temperature decreases 

 with depth, a stable situation. In order to produce homogeneity of tempera- 

 ture and salinity in Case I, an upward salt flux (Fg ) and a downward heat 

 flux (H) are required. The density flixx (dpg) associated with the salt flux 

 and the density flux (dpp^) associated with the heat flux would both be upward. 



Salinity and temperature both decrease with depth in Case II. These 

 gradients can produce either a marginally stable or an unstable condition. 

 Homogeneity of temperature and salinity could be produced by downward 

 fluxes of both salt and heat. The salt density flux would be downward while 

 the heat density flux would be upward. 



Both salinity and temperature increase with depth in Case III. These 

 gradients could produce either stability or instability. Vertical homogeneity 

 of temperature and salinity in the column could be produced by upward fluxes 

 of both salt and heat. In this case a downward heat density flux and an upward 

 salt density flux would be required. 



Case IV describes the condition when tem.perature increases with depth 

 while salinity decreases with depth. These gradients would produce an unstable 

 condition which would cause an upward flux of heat and a downward fliox of 

 salt. The density fluxes would both be downward. 



458 



