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Where does it go? Science 174 : 1101-1107. 



Senator Hollixgs. Xext we have Dr. Karl K. Turekian of Yale 

 University. I think you are the professor of geology and geophysics at 

 Yale, and we are very pleased to have you with us here this morning. 



STATEMENT OF DR. KARL TUREKIAN, PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY 

 AND GEOPHYSICS, YALE UNIVERSITY 



Dr. TrREKiAx. I have, Mr. Chairman, a book that has just come 

 off the press that my colleague Dr. B. J. Skinner and I have written 

 called "Man and the Ocean." I would like to give it to you. It deals 

 with the different problems of man and the ocean. 



Senator Hollixgs. We appreciate it very much. 



Dr. TtT?EKL\x. I will keep away from detailed technical discussions 

 involving our scientific work in the coastal areas and get right to what 

 I haA-e triven to you as a written statement. 



Man's mandate to exploit the land is taken as axiomatic since we 

 can hardly argue against farms, cities or esthetically cultivated areas 

 called parks. But farms represent the replacement of a wild diverse 

 flora with single-species crops like wheat or cotton, and cities repre- 

 sent the replacement of a wild diverse fauna with a single species, 

 man. All of these acts in some way perturb the environment. On land 

 we can try to make man's inten^entions esthetically and hygienically 

 acceptable but w^e can never go back to the primeval natural system 

 short of complete abandonment of the terrain. Our attempts, success- 

 ful or not, are based on management principles based on millenia of 

 experience. 



Because of the vastness of the sea and, until very recent times, the 

 relatively small impact of the time )ionored oceanic activities of trans- 

 portation, fishing, warfare, and piracv the concept of the management 

 and use allocation of oceanic regions appeared inapplicable. But of 

 course things have changed now, especially in coavStal regions, and 

 criteria for the proper management of oceanic resources are being 



SOU.'nfht. 



A manor difference betv.-een oceans and land is that the dynamic, 

 three-dimensional nature of the perturbable ocean svstem can result in 

 consequences remote from the point of perturbation. In addition, the 

 . ocean system varies in its properties dependinar on depth, geography, 

 wind, proximity to land, and continental runoff. The natural qualities 

 of the highly diverse ocean system must be understood if we are to 



