87 



as you have suggested. It is my personal view as a scientist that this is 

 the best way to understand the complex effects of a pollutant to follow 

 what is happening where the pollution is already going on and where 

 we are not controlling it. 



Senator Hollixgs. Dr. Koyce, that is the survivability of the marme 

 life. I am talking of the survivability of the human. That is what we 

 are looking at. In other words, if you have globules of tar inside an 

 ovster, you might as well not serve it to me. 

 ' I am'^not interested in whetlier it is going to live or not live. I know 

 it is indible. The oyster may stay on the bottom and have no marked 

 effect in its marine survivability ; but if I have to pull it out and go 

 through a layer of oil and give you a greasy oyster, you don't want the 

 oyster. There again we are trying to look at this not just from the 

 survivability of the marine life, but us. 



There you go. I go with Dr. Hargis up to the Virginia Marine In- 

 stitute, and there is no oyster gathering. Senator Stevens is getting 

 into what has been the effect up in Portland, Maine. Teclniically, you 

 might continue to study and spend 20 years of study, but I think what 

 we are going to have to do in NOAA is come up with some real an- 

 swers. I know the Virginia oyster gatherers are down in South 

 Carolina now, because theirs are polluted and ours are not. 



What I am asking is how do we prevent pollution ? Obviously if I 

 diminish any kind of refineiy activity or oil carriage or the tanker 

 actix-ity in the waters offshore, seemingly, to me, it is reasonable to 

 conclude that that would keep us from being polluted. 



Is that right or wrong, or do we have to have a 10-year study to find 

 that out, and the oysters all go? You wouldn't take a crab if it didn't 

 have legs. 



Dr. RoTCE. I sure wouldn't. 



Senator Hollings. That is what people along the coast in America 

 want to know. 



Senator Ste%'exs. How much of the concentration brought about 

 that change in the snow crab ? 



Dr. RoYCE. The concentration of the soluble fraction was estimated 

 to be about one part per million actually in solution. This was a test of 

 the Prudhoe Bay crude oil. 



Senator Ste\t2N's. It was crude ? 



Dr. RoYCE. It was crude, yes. 



Senator Ste\texs. It is a very interesting statement you made about 

 the effect of crude oil, because we are going away from crude oil trans- 

 port and are bringing in refined products. Basically the bulk of our 

 imports are refined products, because the refineries went off-shore, and 

 as I understand it, we are going in a dangerous direction. 



Senator Hollings. Right. The danger is enhanced, is that right? 



Dr. Royce. The spillage of refined oil is more dangerous than the 

 spillage of crude oil now insofar as the subsurface animals afe con- 

 cerned. 



The crude makes a terrible mess on the shore and kills the birds. 



Senator Stevens, I was raised at Manhattan Beach, and I served as 

 lifeguard there. I remember when those tankers used to come in and 

 clean out their ballast how mad we got. 



Dr. Royce. You had tar on your feet. 



Senator Stevens. Yes. I would rather have the tar on my feet than 

 have it in those fish that we used to fish for off the pier, and I think that 



26-282—74 7 



