89 



funded studies on the California coast by the University of California. 

 I am not personally aware of the results. 



Senator Ste\-ens. Thank you very nuich. I think it would be very 

 important to see what the results will be. We are, again, in a strange 

 position of looking ahead to a 50-percent level ; if we continue as pres- 

 ently predicted, we are going to be importing 50 percent of our liquid 

 energy resources. 



Now if your conclusions are correct, perhaps w^e ought to start putting 

 on, or putting back on, an oil import program on refined products, and 

 foi'ce them to come in here in a crude oil form, because the implications 

 of what you say are that the dangers would be less to our shores if that 

 were the case. 



I would like to see tliat documented, because I think we could very 

 well do that. It would be a substantial contribution. 



Di-. HiRsii. Senator, if I could comment on tliat, I believe the Council 

 on p]nvironmental Quality is just now completing a study of the poten- 

 tial impact of superports in the United States, and I believe among 

 the other issues or among the issues they are looking at is the total 

 environmental impact of the refineries that have been associated with 

 these reports. 



I believe that study is approaching completion and may be helpful 

 with respect to some of the (luestions you are asking. 



Senator Stevems. I think Avithin that problem is the question of 

 whether the oil that is discharged at the superports has been refined 

 or pai-tially refined in its counti'V of origin. 



That is tlie tendency of the ]Middle Eastern countries, to require 

 I'cfineries there, and we have an increasing tendency to have them in 

 the Bahamas, or (xuam or Newfoundland, or Puerto Rico, and we 

 are bringing to our shoi-es refined products. 



It has been associated with the cost of operation of refineries, and 

 it has had a lot to do Avith the pricing system, and I know the people 

 in the American labor movement are very disturbed about it, because 

 this in effect exports jobs. 



If the conclusions tliat Dr. Koyce has announced here today can 

 ]3e substantiated, I think some of us that did not like that foi- other 

 I'easons might well have a better i-eason to object to the importation 

 of refined products. 



Now that may not be you gentlemen's objective for being here 

 today, but I do think it is a substantial contribution to an argument 

 that is going on around here in "Washington, and it is reaching its 

 height right now in tei-ms of what is the futui-e of the oil import 

 l)i-ogram, and what are the permissible levels of imports, and what 

 tyj)e of impoi-tation is going to be required. 



I think again I would like to note this. Did you ask for additional 

 funds for other studies? I just hap])e]ied to be on the subcommittee 

 of the Appropriations Committee that handles that, too. and this 

 isn't an appropriations committee, I know, but I would like to see 

 some of these studies going on somewhere else. 



I want to encourage you, and T want to ask you specifically Avhether 

 you need any more money for Alaska, too. 



But why aren't Ave studying Po]-tland, Maine? Certainly ]Maine 

 has a tremendous fishery i-esouire. It has been going on for years. 

 Those are foreign tankers that have no real safety xalues as far as 



