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k. The fourth main area of research is concerned with the interaction between 

 the ocean and the atmosphere. Although several of the U. S. research vessels 

 working in the Indian Ocean are equipped to make upper-air meteorological 

 observations, the United States has the greater part of its meteorological 

 effort based ashore. Meteorological aircraft of the U. S. Weather Bureau and 

 of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, work in connection with the Inter - 

 national Meteorological Center . IMC has been established with the assistance 

 of the Government of India and the United Nations Special Fund. Meteorological 

 satellites and buoys are also being operated in support of the program (Ramage, 

 1962). 



D. SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS OF INSTITUTIONS 



As indicated above, research programs of all United States vessels participat- 

 ing in the IIOE contribute to at least two of the four fundamental areas of 

 interest; many contribute to three; some to all four. For this reason, it is 

 more practical to describe the programs in detail by setting forth the past, 

 present, and planned cruises of each institution. 



1. SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY 



The Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California at 

 San Diego plans to undertake three major cruises to the Indian Ocean under the 

 overall direction of Dr. Robert L. Fisher. The first of these, called MONSOON, 

 was carried out by the research vesseL ARGO according to the following 

 itinerary: 



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