-2- 



Other Federal agencies have been less successful in obtaining the additional 

 funding required to permit them to operate themselves in the Indian Ocean or 

 to support research there in fields related to their specific missions: the 

 National Science Foundation has transferred funds to enable some of these agencies 

 to carry out urgent programs related to the IIOE. 



The following tabulation summarizes past and planned Federal support of the 

 U. S. participation in the IIOE through Fiscal Year 1965: 



THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS 



Fiscal Tear 1961 1962 1963 1961; 1965 



USN 693 230 . 958 803 250 



NSF - 2,117 1,1+20 1*,500 3,500 



Bureau of Commercial Fisheries - - 102 l$k l51i 



Weather Bureau - - 792 I4.H 



Coast & Geodetic Survey - 200 



C. SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM BY DISCIPLINES 



The United States program for the IIOE, in accordance with the original 

 stated aims of the expedition, is devoted to the scientific examination of 

 four great areas of interest in the Indian Ocean. 



1. The first of these concerns itself with the problems of why there is an 

 ocean basin in the first place; what are the forces that have shaped and are 

 continuing to shape the basin; what are the resemblances between this piece 

 of the earth's crust and any other; and how is the basin of the Indian Ocean 

 dissimilar from other ocean basins? The techniques used in attempting to answer 

 these questions are primarily geophysical and geological, and they are being 

 employed on expeditions sent out by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 

 Lamont Geological Observatory, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 



2. The second broad area of investigation involves the chemical and physical 

 description of the waters of the Indian Ocean, and the study of their motions. 

 Techniques used involve sampling of the water in predetermined patterns, with 

 respect to the horizontal distribution and vertical spacing of samples; con- 

 current precise measurements of water temperature; subsequent chemical and 

 isotopic analyses of the water samples; and determination of current flow at 

 various depths by all possible means. All United States ships participating 



in the IIOE are equipped for such water sampling, and the direct measurement of 

 current flow was the particular object of a University of Rhode Island expedition 

 embarked in the Scripps Institution vessel ARGO (Knauss, 1961). 



3. The third major field of Interest is the living populations, plant and 

 animal, of the Indian Ocean. All United States ships are equipped to sample 

 plankton and to observe surface biological phenomena; some measure primary 

 productivity. The research vessel ANTON BRUUN has biological oceanography as 

 her primary mission. The Stanford University vessel TE VEGA is concentrating 



on biological and physiological studies of island groups and other shallow water 

 areas. 



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