To date, NCAR has been able to meet our needs for coastal aircraft measurements, but due to 

 increased atmosptieric and oceanograpliic demands, a second aircraft should be acquired soon. We 

 anticipate that this aircraft would be used half-time for coastal oceanography measurements, 

 and so suggest that $1 .5M dollars be budgeted for acquisition of this aircraft (the Atmospheric 

 Sciences Division (ATM) of NSF would also need to budget $I.5M). Beginning in FY 1990, $.5I\/1 

 should be budgeted for ocean sciences activities using this aircraft. Operational costs for the 

 aircraft would be budgeted by ATM, much as the Ocean Sciences Division budgets ship costs. 



Ocean sciences will require, in the WOCE time frame, a dedicated aircraft with greater 

 endurance and more capability such as a P2 or P3. We suggest acquisition of such an aircraft in 

 FY 1990, which should be possible at minimal cost (such aircraft are available for use as DOD 

 surplus), and $.5M for updating avonics and electronic equipment. The aircraft should be 

 budgeted to operate at $3M per year beginning in FY 1992. If this aircraft is not available, 

 additional ship time would need to be budgeted for WOCE. 



It is noted that these aircraft will be especially useful for biological work, as much regional 

 ocean color work will need to be done for productivity studies. 



5. Support for an Ocean Modeling Facility. The emergence of geophysical fluid dynamics 

 as a separate theoretical discipline and the success of atmospheric scientists in predicting and 

 modeling the atmosphere are having a profound effect on the interplay of theory and observation 

 in physical oceanography. There is a greatly expanding need for numerical experiments not only 

 for interpretation of data, but also for justification of observational efforts. In looking to meet 

 these needs, we funded 20% of the acquisition costs of an advanced vector computer and 

 wide-band communications equipment at the NCAR in FY 1985, and we should also establish an 

 Ocean Modeling Facility to utilize this capability. 



The purpose of this initiative is to provide base funding for a core group at a central location to 

 aid the ocean sciences community in making effective use of the facility, e.g., building 

 community models, specialized routines, and hardware. This would provide for scientific and 

 senior staff communications costs for the academic community, space rental and maintenance, 

 and hardware costs. The total cost of this support is $1 .1 M per year (beginning in FY 1989) 

 and should be budgeted indefinitely. 



6. Indo-U.S. Monsoon Research Program. As part of the Indo-U.S. Science and 

 Technology Initiative, a program to study long-term variability of the monsoon includes a study 

 of the effect of ocean-atmosphere interactions. A bilateral workshop was held in Bangalore, 

 India, for discussions of modeling, data analysis, future field experiments and data 

 requirements. U.S. modeling and data analysis work required $0.6M in FY 1987. Tentative 

 plans call for continuation of modeling work and initiation of field experiments toward 

 understanding the regional ocean atmosphere coupling problems. 



These programs would require an additional $1 .8M per year for scientific studies and $.7M per 

 year for ship time by FY 1 990 from the U.S. The direction of research beyond 1 990 should be 

 coordinated with the TOGA program. 



IV. Funding Requirements 



A summary budget for the physical oceanography core program, areas of critical need, and 

 major initiatives can be found in Table A of Section IV. 



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