GRAPHICAL AND TABULAR SUMMARIES 



GE^fERAL REMARKS 



Oceanography I-B. --The present volume assembles 

 together the graphs, figures, and tables of the oceano- 

 graphic data gathered on, and the abstract of log for, 

 cruise VII of the Carnegie . These data are collected 

 here in one volume in order that they may be available 

 for ready cross-reference in studies of the tejrts of any 

 other volume of the series. 



The locations of the oceanographic stations, the 

 sounding velocity sections, and the selected vertical re- 

 gions are shown by the three maps, figures 1 to 3. 



The results of the sonic depth work are presented 

 by ten graphs, figures 4 to 13, illustrating the bottom 

 profiles. These graphs were constructed by using the 

 exact distances between the stations. The plotted depths 

 to the bottom then were joined by straight lines. No at- 

 tempt was made to smooth these graphs because of the 

 usually wide separation of the stations and the probably 

 irregular topography between them. 



The physical and chemical data for each station are 

 given graphically in figures 14 to 92. The observed 

 values are shown by smooth curves. These graphs rep- 

 resent reduced reproductions of similar larger graphs 

 from which were scaled the depths of standard values 

 and values of the observed elements. By plotting to- 

 gether all observed elements at one station, a represen- 

 tation of the simultaneous values is obtained which 

 serves to illustrate the interrelations between the vari- 

 ous elements. 



Figures 93 to 200 give the vertical distribution of 

 sounding velocity, temperature, salinity, density, pH, and 

 PO4 for the sixteen selected sections shown in the map, 

 figure 3. At sections 5, 7, 14, and 15 the vertical distri- 

 bution of Si02, O2 ml/L, and O2 in saturation per cent 

 are given also. The actual distances between the sta- 

 tions were used in constructing these sections. From 

 curves showing the vertical distribution of the various 

 elements at each single station, the depths of standard 

 values were scaled and plotted in the section and joined 

 by smooth curves. When constructing these curves, due 

 attention was paid to the occurrence of maxima and min- 

 ima. 



Figures 201 to 209 illustrate the temperature - 

 salinity relation at individual stations in the Atlantic and 

 the Pacific oceans. 



Figures 210 to 245 present the horizontal distribu- 

 tion of temperature, salinity, and density at standard 

 levels. When these charts were constructed, values of 

 the elements at standard levels were read from the 

 smooth curves representing the observed conditions at 

 each individual station. These values are entered on 

 charts and, by interpolation, curves were drawn. In 

 these graphs for the lower levels, for which few data 

 were obtained, the course of the curves at higher levels 

 was taken into account. 



Figures 246 to 254 show the topography of standard 

 isobaric surfaces relative to the topography of the 2000- 

 decibar surface. The charts were constructed on the 



basis of the computed values given in the tables of re- 

 sults. 



A continuous record of surface sea-water tempera- 

 ture at a depth of approximately 2 meters below the 

 surface was maintained by means of a sea-water ther- 

 mograph with 24-hour movement. The data scaled 

 from these records are given in table 1. Control of the 

 thermograms was effected by noting the temperature of 

 the surface water by the bucket method immediately be- 

 fore each change of the record at noon. When the sur- 

 face temperatures were changing rapidly, a mean of 

 several bucket readings was used for the control. 



Table 2 gives the physical and chemical data and 

 results of dynamic computations for the 162 Carnegie 

 deep-sea stations. The observed, interpolated, and com- 

 puted values are presented. 



A synoptic description of the bottom samples col- 

 lected in the Pacific is given in table 3. The samples 

 are numbered consecutively from 10 to 89 in the first 

 column of the table. Succeeding columns give informa- 

 tion as follows: Stations at which the samples were 

 collected; latitude and longitude; corrected depths; 

 classification of the samples and the estimated calcium 

 carbonate contents, together with the bases of the esti- 

 mates; colors of the samples; brief descriptions of the 

 physical characters; samplers and containers used in 

 the collection and preservation of the samples, extracts 

 from the field notes made on shipboard at the time the 

 samples were collected; and descriptions of the nearest 

 previous samples collected by other ships in the Pacific. 

 The tabular footnotes describe briefly the organic and 

 inorganic components and any characteristic or remark- 

 able features of the samples which were analyzed me- 

 chanically. Except when otherwise indicated, these de- 

 scriptions are based only on microscopic examination 

 of the sand grades (particles larger than 0.05 mm in di- 

 ameter). For samples which were too small for me- 

 chanical analysis, a rough petrographic examination of 

 a part of the undifferentiated material was made. 



Table 4 gives the number and geographic position of 

 a total of 1496 soundings made in the Atlantic and Pacific 

 oceans between May 13, 1928, and November 18, 1929. 



The sounding velocities computed from the condi- 

 tions found to exist at the oceanographic stations are 

 given in table 5. In this table the values appearing 

 below the heavy line are based on extrapolated tempera- 

 tures or salinities. The values given probably are 

 significant to a few tenths of a meter per second as 

 representing the conditions at the time measurements 

 were made, but must not be relied on as representing 

 the conditions at any other time. 



The volume is concluded with the abstract of log 

 from May 1, 1928, the date of departure from Washing- 

 ton, D. C, through November 18, 1929, when the vessel 

 arrived at Pago Pago, Samoa. The log from Pago Pago 

 to Apia was lost in the destruction of the Carnegie at 

 Samoa on November 29, 1929. 



ill 



