terminating in a group of massive stones, each twelve feet by four 

 feet by four feet. These were the remains of the east breakwater 

 that had originally enclosed a second harbor basin. On the east 

 island, across a narrow gap of water from the end of the east break- 

 water, we discovered the foundations of a huge circular tower that 

 probably served as a beacon to guide ships from afar. 



ApoUonia was a perfect two-harbor city with an inner fortified 

 port separated from the outer commercial port by a narrow channel 

 and a broad quay which could be defended. The connecting channel 

 was flanked by long walls so that any ship attempting to get into 

 the military port had to run the gauntlet between the massed ranks 

 of the defenders, and at the end of the channel a spiked boom or 

 chains would be hung between the towers. 



It is important here to point out the similarity of the general 

 design of Apollonia to the Phoenician plan, not the Greek. The 

 Greeks were used to a highly indented coast line, where natural 

 harbors needed few improvements, so their methods of construc- 

 tion were not as sophisticated as those of the Phoenicians. Instead 



Built on a Phoenician plan, itie Greets port 

 of Apollonia was a two-harbor city. 

 The outer harbor received ships of commerce, 

 while the inner harbor was fortified to 

 protect the city from attaci<. An enemy 

 ship attempting to enter the inner harbor 

 would have to pass through the connecting 

 channel, which could be defended 

 by soldiers standing on the walls. 



157 



