Future of the Sea 



Salinity Profile of the Pacific Ocean 



South 60= 



10° Equator 10° 



40' Norlti 



I IV Mct^a^ 



Salinity Profiles 



These vertical sec-tions through the 

 Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean show 

 the distribution of salinity. From 

 these sections the direction of 

 nnovement of the deep currents can be 

 deduced. Arctic and Antarctic Inter- 

 mediate Currents converge towards the 

 middle of the Pacific Ocean. There is 

 a similar Antarctic Intermediate Current 

 in the Indian Qcean and a source of 

 more saline water in the north of the 

 Indian Ocean. Highly saline water at 

 the southern end of the sections can 

 be traced bacl< to the North Atlantic 

 Ocean. The salt content along 

 this path is reduced by mixing but 

 there is an increase in the amount of 

 phosphates (as shown in the map at 

 the bottom) which accumulates as the 

 result of biological processes. 

 The highest salinity in the oceans 

 is found in the Red Sea and in the 

 Persian Gulf; the lowest in the 

 Baltic Sea and Black Sea. 



Salinity Profile of the Indian Ocean 



Souttl 60° SO" ^0° 



30° 20° 



10" Equator 10° Norlli 



Concentration of Elements in Sea Water 

 of salinity 34-33 parts per thousand 



Distribution of Phosphates at 2000 Meters 



266 



