Phylum, defined, 84 



Phytoplankton, 108ff, 121 



Piccard, Jacques, 121, 199 



Piers, moles, etc., Roman, 141 



Pletra Salata, Posilipo, 142 



PIgafetta, Antonio, 30, 32-5 



Pillars of Hercules, see Gibraltar 



Piombino I., 138, 160 



Piscina, fish tank, 158 



Plankton, 76, 89, 92ff, 98, 196, 210, 236-8, 

 242; as a source of food, 238; distinc- 

 tion between oceanic and neritic, 97 



Plants, photosynthesis of, 236 



Plata, Rfo de la, (River Plate), 29, 31 



Pliny the Elder, 124, 215 



Plymouth, 40, 44; marine biological 

 laboratory at, 114 



Po, R., 21, 130 



Poidebard, Pere Antoine, 151-2 



Point Barrow, 70, 71 



Point Franklin, 72 



Pole, celestial, 22; ... of inaccessibiiity, 

 72 



Polish coast, erosion on, 228 



Pollio, Vedius, 142 



Polybius, 20 



Polynesian migrations, 18 



Polyps, 83 



Pompeii, 140, 141 



Porcupine Bank, 176, 184 



"Porcupine," H.M.S., 115 



Porifera, (sponges), 85 



Port Bowen, 50 



Portland, 71; ... Bill, 215 



Port Leopold, 50 



Portoferraio, 138 



Port Royal, Jamaica, 146-9 



Port St Julian, 29, 32, 35 



Portsmouth, 116 



Portugal, 194 



Portuguese man-of-war, 83 



Poseidon, Temple of, at Helike, 124 



Posilipo, 140, 141, 142; . . . Cape, 141 



Potassium, from sea water, 240 



Pozzuoli, 138, 140, 141, 142 



Prawns, 89 



Pribilof Is., 106 



Priene, 126, 139 



Prince Edward Island, 116 



Prince Edward - Crozet Ridge, 186 



Prince Regent Inlet, 48 



"Princess Alice I and II," yachts, 118 



"Principia," 1687, Newton, 216 



Prochordates, 89 



Procida, 141 



Protozoa, 89 



Ptolemy, 151 



Puerto Rico Trench, 176 



Punic Wars, 129 



Punt, land of, 128 



Pyrenees, Mts., 130, 197 



Pytheas, 19, 20-25, 215, 234; expedition 

 of 325 B.C., 20; determination of lati- 

 tude, 22; work on tides, 22, 215; de- 

 scription of Britain, 22; description 

 of tin industry, 22; and of Thule, 24; 



of midnight sun and ice pack, 24; 

 later voyages, 25; assessment of, as 

 explorer, 25; routes of Pytheas, ac- 

 cording to various authorities, 21. 



Quebec, 37, 42 



Queen Elizabeth Is., 60, 71 



Quinquireme, 132 



"Racehorse," H.M.S., 177, 190 



Radioactive tracers, 229 



Radioactivity, 15 



Rameses III, Pharaoh, 128 



Ranee, R., power project on, 241 



"Rattlesnake," H.M.S., 115 



Redi, Francesco, 79 



Red Sea, 7, 1 07, 1 28, 1 31 , 1 82, 1 86, 1 98, 21 7 



"Reef Diver," launch, 147 



Refraction, wave, 226 



Reggio, see Rhegium 



Reims, 130 



"Remarks on The Agulhas or South 

 African Current," 1778, Rennell, 183 



Rennell, Major James, (East India Com- 

 pany service), 183-5, 188 



Research ships, 115, 174-7 



"Resolution," H.M.S., 40-45 



"Restless Tides, The," (K.F. Bowden), 

 214-23 



Reykjanes Ridge, 184 



Reykjavik, 73 



Rhee Wall, Romney Marsh, 232 



Rhegium, 130 



Rhine, R., 21, 25, 130 



Rhinoceros horns, as article of com- 

 merce, 128 



Rhodes, (Rhodus), 128, 133, 139 



Rhone, R., 20, 21, 130, 145 



Rickover, Admiral, H.G. , U.S.N., 66-7, 73 



Rift valley, of Africa, 198 



Rio de Janeiro, 29, 31 



Rio de la Plata, 29 



Ripple markings, on seabed, 199 



Rivers, and bays with well-marked bores, 

 220-1 



Roads, Roman, 141 



Rockall Bank, 176, 184 



Rock formation, 10-11 



Rocky Mts., 11 



Roghi, Gianni, archaeologist, 137, 164 



Roma, see Rome 



Romanche Gap, 176 



Rome, 130, 138; foundation and growth 

 of, 129; sphere of influence, 130 



Romney Marsh, 232 



Roseberry, (Posilipo), 140, 141, 142 



Rossignol, Capitaine de Fregate, 163 



Ross Barrier, see Barrier 



Ross, Mr. George, 46 



Ross, Sir James Clark, 19, 46ff, 115, 

 177-8, 191; service under Sir John 

 Ross, 47; under Sir Wm. Parry, 47; 

 Antarctic expedition of 1839, 49ff ; use 

 of tinned stores, 49; stay in Tasmania, 



284 



