51 ; second Antarctic cruise, 1841, 52; 

 third Antarctic cruise, 1842, 53-4; 

 assessment of him as an explorer, 

 53-4; refuses command of 1845 ex- 

 pedition, 53; assumes command of 

 search for Franklin, 54; routes of his 

 various expeditions, Arctic, 50, Ant- 

 arctic, 55 



Ross, Sir John, 46ff 



Ross Ice Shelf and I., 55 



Ross Sea, 6, 7, 55, 175 



Rotation of Earth, effect on currents, 183 



Rottnest I., 168 



Royal Geographical Society, 22, 57-8, 1 54 



Royal Society, 37-40, 49, 1 14 ; elects Capt. 

 Cook to Fellowship, 44 



Rusgoniae, 138 



Sabine, Sir Edward, 48 



Sabrata, 138 



Saguntum, 130 



Sahure, Pharaoh, 128 



St. Augustine, Cape, 31 



St. Elmo's Fire, 30 



Saint-Gervais, cove of, 145 



St. Helena I., 42 



St. John's, 42 



St. Lawrence, Gulf of, 176; ... I., 71; 

 . . . River, 37 



St. Malo, 241 ; tidal bore at, 220 



St Michael's Mount, (Cornwall), 23 



St. Paul's Rocks, 197 



Saint-Tropez, 138, 144-5 



St. Vincent, Cape, 21, 22 



Salamis, 131 



Salerno, 138 



Salinity, of the sea, 12, 182, 242; of Atlan- 

 tic Ocean at 1250 m, 208; of polar ice 

 water, 59; in relation to temperature, 

 182; variation with density and circu- 

 lation, 183 



Salt, 12; annual addition to sea, 179; 

 origin of, 179; production by evapo- 

 ration, 239-40; quantities present in 

 oceans, 179 



Samar, I., 34 



Sampling techniques, 211 



San Antonio, 138 



Sandbanks, 226 



Sanderson's Hope, 50 



Sandwich Is., see Hawaiian Is. 



Sandwich, Lord, 44 



San Felix - Juan Fernandez Ridge, 176, 

 181 



San Lucar, 29 



Santa Barbara, Calif,, 228 



Santa Lucia, Bay of, see Rio de Janeiro 



"Santiago," Magellan's fleet, 30, 32; 

 scene of her wreck, 29 



"Santo Antonio," Magellan's fleet, 30, 

 32-3; route of her return to Spain, 29 



Saragossa, Treaty of, boundary line, 28 



Sardinia I., 98, 115, 130, 138, 164, 168 



Sargasso Sea, 78, 176, 207 



Saussure, H.B. de, 178 



Scaphopods, 88 



Schleswig, 25 



Schmidt, Johannes, on eels, 78, 79 



Scidrus, 138, 146 



Scilly Is., 21 



Scoresby, Wm., whaler, explorer and 

 scientist, 178 



Scotia Sea and Ridge, 176 



Scotian arc, S. Atlantic, 197 



Scotland, land level rising in, 227 



Scott, Captain R.F., 54 



Scurvy, Capt. Cook's treatment for, 38 



Sea, distribution and composition of, 12; 

 food yield of, 236-7; in sense of 

 oceanic waves, 224; mineral content, 

 12; salinity of, 12; world area of, 10 



Sea cow, 89 



Sea cucumber, 196 



Sea defences, 124, 228 



"Sea Diver," salvage ship, 146-7 



Sea life, comparison with land fauna, 76 



Seals, 76, 89, 104-7; Alaskan, fur..., 

 104, 106; West Indian monk ..., 104 



Seamounts, 196, 199-200 



Sea pens, 83 



Seaweed, 76, 238; as fertiliser, 238-9; 

 fossilized, found in Chile, 238 



Sec, (secca), 135, 164 



Sedimentation, 13-14, 196-7, 199; depth 

 of, 196 



Seine, R., tidal bore in, 220 



Seismic surveys, 194, 234 



Seneferu, Pharaoh, 128, 150 



Seto, Japan, Marine Biological Labora- 

 tory, 114 



Sevastopol, see Heraclea 



Severnaya Zemlya Is., 60, 71 



Severn, R., barrage, 241 ; tidal bore in, 

 219, 220 



Seville, 27, 35 



Seymour Narrows, 217 



Shackleton, Edward, author, 18-73 



Shackleton, Sir Ernest, 54 



Sharjah, 13 



Shelf, the continental, 194-5, 197 



Shellfish Laboratory, Milford, Conn., 114 



Sheshonk I, Pharaoh, 128 



Shetland Is., (Orcas), 21, 24, 31 



Shingle, 226, 229 



Ships and Navigation, 132-3 



Ships' Names: Adventure, 40; Albatross, 

 118; Alexander, 47; Atlantis, 174-5, 

 177; Blake, 118; Bounty. 44; Bulldog, 

 115; Calypso, 164; Challenger, 115, 

 116-7, 118-20, 182, 211; Concepcion, 

 28, 30, 32, 35; Discovery (two ships), 

 44-5, 211 ; Eagle, 37; Elie Monnler, 162; 

 Endeavour ('two ships), 37-40, 47; 

 Enterprise, 47; Fram, 58-65; Freelove, 

 36; Fury, 48; Griper, 47; Hecia, 47; 

 Hirondelle, 118; Ingolf, 119; Isabella, 

 47, 49; Jeannette, 57; Lightning, 115; 

 Little Vigilant, 168; Meteor, 211 ; Natio- 

 nal, 119; Nautilus, 66-73, 71; Pem- 

 broke, 37; Racehorse, 177, 190; Rattle- 

 snake, 115; Resolution , 40-45 / Santiago, 



285 



