82 



83 



52-53 t "Beaufort Island and Mount Erebus", 79 



watercolour by J. E. Davis, 

 courtesy of the Trustees National 

 Maritime /Museum, England, 

 photograph Michael holford. 

 b Icebergs, 

 A.N.A.R.E. photograph; ''' 



JOHN BECHERVAISE. 



54 Engraving of Captain John Franklin with 

 sledge party, 



"Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of 

 the Polar Sea", by Captain J. Franklin, 

 1819-22. 



55 Map of Ross' voyages in the Antarctic, 

 GEOGRAPHICAL PROJ ECTS LTD. 



56 Arctic twilight, 

 photograph William j. Campbell. 



57 Nansen at Cape Flora, 

 original photograph from H. Aschehoug 

 and Co., Oslo. 



58 t "Fram" in pack-ice, 



original photograph from H. Aschehoug 

 and Co., Oslo. 

 b Cross section of the "Fram", 



"The Norwegian North Polar Expedition 

 1893-96", Scientific Results, edited by 

 Fridtjof Nansen (Longmans Green). 



59 t Meteorological observatory, 



original photograph from H. Aschehoug 

 and Co., Oslo. 

 b Lowering a Nansen water sampler, 

 photograph wi lliam j. cam pbell. 



60-61 Map of the Arctic showing Nansen's 



routes, GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTS LTD. 



62 Painting by Nansen of the Aurora 

 Borealis, 

 H. Aschehoug and Co., Oslo. 



63 t Interior of Nansen's hut, 



H. Aschehoug and Co., Oslo. 

 b Pressure ridge, 

 photograph Polar Photos. 



64 Nansen meets Jackson, 

 original photograph from H. Aschehoug 

 and Co., Oslo. 



65 Woodcut of the Aurora Borealis, 

 H. Aschehoug and Co., Oslo. , 



66 t "Nautilus" in Portland Harbour, 



P. A. Reuter Photos Ltd. 

 b Captain Anderson, 

 Official U.S. Navy Photo. 



67 Engraving of Captain Nemo, 

 "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea" by Jules 

 Verne, 

 courtesy Mansell Collection. 



68-69 t "Nautilus" route under the ice, 

 from Official U.S. Navy Photo, 

 diagram geographical projects ltd. 

 b Cross section of "Nautilus", 

 from Official U.S. Navy Photo, 

 diagram LAURENCE sandy. 



70 t Radarscope, 



Official U.S. Navy Photo. 

 b U.S.S. "Skate" surfacing, 

 photograph WILLIAM J. Campbell. 



71 Map of "Nautilus" routes, 

 GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTS LTD. 



72 Captain Anderson boarding "Nautilus", 

 photograph Planet News Lid. 



74-75 "Low tide at Shinagawa", 



Japanese print by Kuniyoshi, 



courtesy B. W. Robinson Collection, 



London, 



photograph MICHAEL holford. 



75 Rose petal bubble shell, 

 photograph Keith gillett, F.R.P.S., 

 F.R.M.S. 



76 Portuguese man-of-war, 

 photograph Douglas P. wilson. 



77 Velvet swimming crab larva, 

 photograph Douglas p. wilson. 



78 t Map of eel migrations, 97 



GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTS LTD. 

 b Sargassum weed, 

 photograph JAN hahn Woods Hole. 



79 t Engraving of eels 



"Observazioni Intomoagli Animali 



Virenti" by Francisco Redi, 98 



Courtesy Trustees of the British Museum 



84 



85 



86 



87 



88 

 89 



90 



92 

 93 



b Part of a Greek vase (Blackas Collection) 

 courtesy Trustees of the British Museum, 

 photograph Michael holford. 



Greek sponge seller, 



photograph Keystone Press Agency. 



Engraving of a sponge, 



",4 Natural History of Many Uncommon 



Zoophytes", by John Ellis, 1786. 



courtesy Trustees of the British Museum. 



t Coral polyps, 



photograph DOUGLAS p. wilson. 

 b Heron Island, Barrier Reef, 



photograph keith gillett, F.R.P.S., 



F.R.M.S. 

 tl Engraving of coral, 



' 'Le Fond de la Mer' ' by F. Sonrel (Hachette). 

 tr Sea anemone, 



photograph DOUGLAS p. wilson. 

 b Brain coral, 



photograph keith gillett, F.R.P.S., 



F.R.M.S. 



Engraving of a sea pen, 

 ".4 Natural History of Many Uncommon 

 Zoophytes", by John Ellis, 1786. 

 courtesy Trustees of the British Museum. 



t Small jellyfish, 

 photograph DOUGLAS P.WILSON. 



t Engraving of a sea cucumber, 

 "A Natural History of Many Uncommon 

 Zoophytes" by John Ellis, 1786, 

 courtesy Trustees of the British Museum. 



b Starfish, 



photograph douglas p. wilson. 



t Fossil worms, 



courtesy British Museum(Naiural History), 



photograph MICHAEL holford. 

 b Peacock worm, 



photograph Douglas p.wilson. 



Engravings of a marine worm and sea 



mouse, 



"A Monograph of British Marine Annelids" 



by W.C. Mcintosh, 



courtesy Ray Society, 



photographs michael holford. 



Engraving of a giant squid, 



"Histoire Naturelle" by Buff on (Dufart). 



Lobster, 



drawing by A. Durer, 



courtesy Berlin Museum, 



photograph WALTER steinkopf. 



tl Engraving of barnacles, 



'The Ocean" by Arthur Mangin (Nelson). 

 tr Octopus, 



photograph DOUGLAS P. WILSON. 

 bl Engraving of mussell posts, 



"The Ocean World" by Louis Figuier 



(Chapman and Hall). 

 br Oyster with pearl, 



photograph Camera Press. 

 t Engraving of chitons, 



"The Seaside Book" by W. Harvey 



(Van Voorst). 

 m & bl Small clam and hermit crab, 



photographs keith gillett, F.R.P.S., 



F.R.M.S. 

 br Copepod, 



photograph douglas p.wilson. 



Engraving of "Challenger" scientists, 



"Challenger Reports" vol. 1. 

 t Engraving of a tow net, 



"The Seaside Book" by W. Harvey 



(Van Voorst). 

 b Engraving of Brooke's sounding quill, 



"The Physical Geography of the Sea" by 



M. F. Maury (Harper). 



94-95 



96 



World map of marine deposits, 

 geographical projects ltd. 



t Engraving of foraminifera, 



"Le Fond de la Mer" by F. Sonrel 



(Hachette). 

 b Engraving of "Challenger" dredging, 

 t Engraving of a beam trawl on 



"Challenger", 



both "Challenger Reports" vol. 1, 

 b Plankton, 



photograph douglas P.WILSON. 



Trawl net of fish, 

 photograph peter waugh. 



291 



