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150 



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155 



156-157 



158 



159 



160 



t Map of Fos-sur-Mer, 

 "Histoire Physique de la Mer" by Count 

 Luigi Marsigli, 1725, 



courtesy Trustees of ttie British Museum, 

 photograph M ICHAEL holford. 

 b Aphrodite, 

 photograph dr. renE seaucaire. 



Coins from Magna Graecia, 



courtesy Trustees of the British Museum. 

 t "Sea Diver", 



photograph © National Geographic 



Society, Washington. 

 b Engraving of Henry Morgan, 



courtesy Radio Times Hulton Picture 



Library. 



I Watch from Port Royal, 

 photograph © National Geographic 

 Society, Washington. 



r Map of Port Royal, and plan, 

 courtesy Trustees of the British Museum, 

 photographs MICHAEL holford, 



t Chart of the Island of Pharos, and 

 b Mediaeval view of Alexandria, 



"Atlas Historique de la Ville et des Ports 

 d'Alexandrie" by Gaston Jondet (Institut 

 Francais d'Archaeologie Orientate). 

 Engraving of the remains of Tyre, 

 "Syria, the Holy Land and Asia Minor 

 illustrated" by John Came (Fisher) 



Part of Carthage harbour, 

 photograph JULIAN HUXLEY. 



t Engraving of a cothon, 

 "Atlas de la Province Romaine d'Afrique" 

 by C. J. Tissot (Salomon Reinach). 



b Assyrians diving, 

 courtesy Trustees of the British Museum, 

 photograph Michael holford. 



VievK of Apollonia, 



photograph Apollonia Expedition. 



Arcesilas cup, 



photograph Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. 



Impression of Apollonia, 

 reconstruction dravi/ing 

 JUDY HANNINGTON 



f Diver with cine camera, 

 b Grain silos at Apollonia, 



Greek anchor, 



all photographs Apollonia Expedition. 



Apollo of Piombino, 



courtesy Mus6e du Louvre, Paris, 



photograph R. v. schoder. 



161 Poseidon, 



courtesy Athens Museum, 

 photograph R. v. schoder. 



162 t Bronze grotesque, 

 b Aphrodite, 



163 I Head of Pan, 

 r Eros, 



all courtesy Musie du Bardo, Tunis. 

 164-165 Spargi excavation, 



courtesy Dr. G. Roghi, 

 diagram Laurence sandy, 



165 t Amphorae on the sea bed, 



photograph Y. derolland. 

 b Grand Conglou^, 

 photograph F. CLOUZOT. 

 166-167 Engraving of old Stockholm, 



courtesy City Museum of Stockholm. 



166 b Nereus, 



Wasa-foto. 



167 t "Vasa" in dry dock, 



Wasa-foto. 

 b Raising the "Vasa", 

 diagram LAU rence sandy. 



168 Bronze ingot, 



courtesy Trustees of the British Museum, 

 photograph Michael holford. 



169 tl Dutch sailors, 



oil painting, school of Abraham Storck 

 c. 1700, 



courtesy of the Trustees National Mari- 

 time Museum, England, 

 photograph Michael holford. 



tr Dutch coin, 



courtesy Hugh Edwards, 

 photograph Michael holford. 



b Coast near Shark's Bay, 

 photograph HUGH Edwards. 



170 t Diver in a cleft of rock, 



photograph Y. girault. 



171 t Greek ship on a vase, 



courtesy Trustees of the British Museum, 

 photograph Michael holford. 

 b Boar's head prow, 



photograph D R. R E N £ B eaucai r e. 



172-173 Wave pressure buoy, 



photograph pete r davi d. 



173 Wave study, 



drawing by Leonardo da Vinci, 

 courtesy The Royal Collection, Windsor 

 Castle, England, copyright reserved. 



174 M. F. Maury, 



"Pathfinder of the Seas" by John W. 

 Wayland (Garrett and Massie Inc.). 



175 "Discovery 11", 



photograph c. spooner, Woods Hole. 



176 Map of the Atlantic Ocean, 

 geographical projects ltd. 



177 H. M. S. "Racehorse", 

 water colour by John Clevely, 

 courtesy Trustees of the British Museum, 

 photograph Michael holford. 



178 De Saussure's thermometer, 



"Voyage dans les Alpes" by de Saussure, 



1796, 



photograph michael holford. 



179 Salinity tract, title page, 

 by Robert Boyle, 1673, 

 photograph michael holford. 



180-181 Map of the Pacific Ocean, 



GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTS LTD. 



181 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 

 photograph douglas p. wilson. 



182 Salinity chart of the Baltic, 

 "Review of Swedish Hydrographic 

 Research in the Baltic and North Seas" 

 by 0. Petterson (Scottish Geographical 

 Magazine). 



183 t Major J. Rennell, 



"Major J. Rennell and the Rise of Modern 

 English Geography" by Clements R. 

 Markham (Cassell). 

 b Chart of the North Antlantic, 



"Marine Observer", 1932 (Meteorological 

 Office), Crown-Copyright reserved, 

 reproduction by permission of the 

 Controller of H. M. Stationery Office. 



184 Map of the Arctic Ocean, 

 GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTS LTD. 



185 Current roses chart, 

 "Oceanographic and Meteorological 

 Observations in the China Seas" 

 Koninkliyk Nederlands Meteorologisch 

 Instituut. 



186-187 Map of the Indian Ocean, 



GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTS LTD. 



187 H. M.S. "Challenger", 

 "Challenger reports" vol. 1. 



188 Maury's shipping lanes, 

 "Explanations and Sailing Directions to 

 Accompany the Wind and Current Charts" 

 by Lieut. M. F. Maury, vol. 11, 1859, 

 courtesy Library, Royal Meteorological 

 Society, England, 



photograph michael holford. 



189 Bottle Post map, 



J. N. Carruthers after Hautreux, 

 geographical projects ltd. 



190 Egyptian taking soundings, 

 "Egyptian Painting", 



Editions d'Art Albert Skira, Geneva. 



191 t Engraving of Ross taking soundings, 



"A Journal of Voyages in Antarctica" 

 by Sir J. C. Ross, 1847, 

 courtesy Royal Geographical Society, 

 photograph michael holford. 

 b Engraving of cable laying, 

 "Illustrated London News". 



192 t Echo sounding, 



diagram peter Sullivan. 

 b Ripple marks, 

 photograph National Institute of 

 Oceanography, England. 



193 I Seismic explosion, 



photograph William j. Campbell. 



293 



